Abstract：
Despite the prevalence of co-infections and the association of over 50 viral and 46 bacterial pathogens with pig diseases, little is known about their simultaneous occurrence, particularly in commercial pig farming environments where health programs are in place. To address this knowledge gap, this study aimed to evaluate the pathogen threshold of respiratory and enteric pathogens in pig herds using the Pork MultiPath™ (PMP1 and PMP2, respiratory and enteric respectively) technology, which detects multiple pathogens simultaneously in a single reaction with high sensitivity and specificity. In this study the most prevalent respiratory pathogens, Mycoplasma hyrohinis, Pasteurella multocida, and Haemophilus parasuis detected by PMP1 were effectively controlled during the nursery stage through strategic treatment with tiamulin. Even though the major respiratory incidences were reduced, the recorded coughing and sneezing rates were associated with the levels of H. parasuis and M. hyrohinis, which were set at 1356 and 1275 copies/reaction, respectively. In addition, one of the identified co-infection patterns indicated a strong relationship between the occurrence of H. parasuis and M. hyorhinis at the sample and pen levels, highlighting the high likelihood of detecting these two pathogens together. Testing with enteric panel PMP2 revealed that the most frequently detected virulence factors during the early nursery stage were Escherichia coli genes for toxins - ST1, ST2, and fimbriae - F4 and F18. Moreover, a co-infection with Rotavirus B and C was often observed during the nursery stage, and a strong positive correlation between these two markers has been identified. Additionally, the levels of several markers, namely E. coli F4, F5, F18, LT, ST1, and ST2, have been associated with a higher likelihood of sickness in pig populations. In addition, the onset of Brachyspira pilosicoli during the nursery and grower stages was found to be associated with an increased risk of diarrhoea, with a set threshold at around 500 copies/reaction. Although simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens is not yet widely used in the pig industry, it offers a significant advantage in capturing the diversity and interactions of co-infections. Testing pooled samples with Pork MultiPath™ is cost-effective and practical to regularly monitor the health status of pig populations.
摘要：
尽管共同感染的流行和超过50个病毒和46个细菌病原体与猪疾病的关联，对它们同时发生的情况知之甚少，特别是在健康计划到位的商业养猪环境中。为了解决这个知识差距，本研究旨在使用PorkMultiPath™（PMP1和PMP2，分别为呼吸道和肠道）技术评估猪群中呼吸道和肠道病原体的病原体阈值，在单个反应中同时检测多种病原体，具有高灵敏度和特异性。在这项研究中，最常见的呼吸道病原体，支原体hyrohinis,多杀性巴氏杆菌,通过tiamulin的策略治疗，PMP1检测到的副猪嗜血杆菌在苗圃阶段得到了有效控制。即使主要的呼吸道发病率减少了，记录的咳嗽和打喷嚏率与副猪嗜血杆菌和猪嗜血杆菌的水平有关，设置为1356和1275个拷贝/反应，分别。此外,确定的共感染模式之一表明副猪嗜血杆菌和猪鼻分枝杆菌在样本和围栏水平的发生之间有很强的关系，突出了一起检测这两种病原体的可能性很高。用肠面板PMP2进行的测试表明，在苗圃早期阶段最常见的毒力因子是毒素的大肠杆菌基因-ST1，ST2和菌毛-F4和F18。此外，在苗圃阶段经常观察到轮状病毒B和C的共感染，这两个标记之间具有很强的正相关性。此外,几个标记的水平，即大肠杆菌F4，F5，F18，LT，ST1和ST2与猪群体中更高的患病可能性相关。此外,发现在苗圃和种植者阶段出现短螺旋体与腹泻风险增加有关，设定的阈值在约500个拷贝/反应。尽管多种病原体的同时检测在养猪业中尚未广泛使用，它在捕捉共感染的多样性和相互作用方面具有显著优势。使用PorkMultiPath™测试汇集的样品具有成本效益，可定期监测猪群的健康状况。
