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Abstract：
The aims of this paper are twofold: first, to discuss and analyze the concept of binocular disparity and second, to contrast the traditional \"air theory\" of three-dimensional vision with the much older \"ground theory,\" first suggested by Ibn al-Haytham more than a thousand years ago. The origins of an \"air theory\" of perception can be traced back to Descartes and subsequently to the philosopher George Berkeley, who claimed that distance \"could not be seen\" because points lying along the same line of sight (in an empty space) would all project to the same location on the retina. However, Descartes was also aware that the angle of convergence of the two eyes could solve the problem of the \"missing\" information for the monocular observer and, since then, most visual scientists have assumed that eye vergence plays an important role both in judging absolute distance and for scaling retinal size and binocular disparities. In contrast, al-Haytham\'s and Gibson\'s \"ground theories,\" which are based on the geometry of the textured ground plane surface that has surrounded us throughout evolution and during our lifetimes, are not just more ecologically based but they also obviate the need for disparity scaling.
摘要：
本文的研究目的有两个:第一,讨论和分析了双目视差的概念，为了将传统的三维视觉“空气理论”与更古老的“地面理论”进行对比，“一千多年前伊本·海瑟姆首次提出。感知的“空气理论”的起源可以追溯到笛卡尔，随后是哲学家乔治·伯克利，他声称距离“看不见”，因为沿着同一视线（在空白空间中）的点都会投射到视网膜上的同一位置。然而,笛卡尔也意识到，两只眼睛的会聚角度可以解决单眼观察者的“缺失”信息的问题，从那以后,大多数视觉科学家认为，眼睛聚散在判断绝对距离和缩放视网膜大小和双眼差异方面都起着重要作用。相比之下,Al-Haytham和Gibson的“基础理论”，“它们基于在整个进化过程中和我们一生中围绕我们的纹理地平面表面的几何形状，不仅更加基于生态，而且还消除了对视差缩放的需要。
