Abstract：
Halogenated organophosphate esters (OPEs) are increasingly used as flame retardants to replace polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), which have been phased out due to their confirmed persistence, toxicity, and ability to undergo long range atmospheric transport. Non-halogenated OPEs are primarily used as plasticizers. While human exposure to PBDEs in the Canadian Arctic is well documented, it is not the case for OPEs. To assess the exposure to OPEs in Inuit living in Nunavik (northern Québec, Canada), we measured 16 metabolites of halogenated and non-halogenated OPEs in pooled urine samples from the last population health survey conducted in Nunavik, the Qanuilirpitaa? 2017 Inuit Health Survey (Q2017). Urine samples (n = 1266) were pooled into 30 pools by sex (female; male), age groups (16-19; 20-29; 30-39; 40-59; 60+ years old) and regions (Hudson Bay; Hudson Strait; Ungava Bay). Q2017 geometric means and 95 % confidence intervals were compared with data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycle 6 (2018-2019) (CHMS). Halogenated OPEs were systematically detected and generally found at higher concentrations than non-halogenated OPEs in both Q2017 and CHMS. Furthermore, urinary levels of BCIPP and BDCIPP (halogenated) were lower in Q2017 compared to CHMS while concentrations of DPhP, DpCP and DoCP (non-halogenated) were similar between Q2017 and CHMS. Across the 16 metabolites measured in Q2017, BCIPHIPP (halogenated) had the highest levels (geometric mean: 1.40 μg/g creatinine). This metabolite was not measured in CHMS and should be included in future surveys. Overall, our results show that Inuit in Nunavik are exposed to lower or similar OPEs levels than the rest of the general Canadian population suggesting that the main current exposure to OPEs may be from consumer goods containing flame retardants and imported from the south rather than long-range atmospheric transport to the Arctic.
摘要：
卤化有机磷酸酯（OPEs）被越来越多地用作阻燃剂，以取代多溴联苯醚（PBDEs），由于它们的持久性，它们已经被淘汰，毒性,以及进行远距离大气传输的能力。非卤化的OPEs主要用作增塑剂。虽然加拿大北极地区的人类暴露于多溴二苯醚是有据可查的，OPEs的情况并非如此。评估居住在努纳维克（魁北克北部，加拿大),我们测量了在努纳维克进行的上一次人群健康调查的合并尿液样本中卤化和非卤化OPEs的16种代谢物，Qanuilirpitaa？2017因纽特人健康调查（Q2017）。尿液样本（n=1266）按性别（女性；男性）分为30个池，年龄组（16-19岁；20-29岁；30-39岁；40-59岁；60岁以上）和地区（哈德逊湾；哈德逊海峡；Ungava湾）。将2017年的几何平均值和95％置信区间与加拿大健康措施调查周期6（2018-2019）（CHMS）的数据进行比较。在Q2017和CHMS中，系统地检测到卤化OPEs，通常发现浓度高于非卤化OPEs。此外，与CHMS相比，2017年Q2017年BCIPP和BDCIPP（卤化）的尿水平较低，而DPhP的浓度较低，DpCP和DoCP（非卤化）在2017年和CHMS之间相似。在2017年第四季度测量的16种代谢物中，BCIPHIPP（卤化）的水平最高（几何平均值：1.40μg/g肌酐）。该代谢物未在CHMS中测量，应包括在未来的调查中。总的来说,我们的结果表明,努纳维克的因纽特人暴露于比加拿大其他普通人群更低或相似的OPEs水平,这表明目前接触OPEs的主要原因可能来自含有阻燃剂的消费品,并从南方进口,而不是向北极的远距离大气输送.
