Abstract：
A noninvasive sampling technology was conceived, employing a disposable acupuncture needle in conjunction with high-resolution mass spectrometry (termed as noninvasive direct sampling extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, NIDS-EESI-MS) to scrutinize the epidermal mucus of Nile tilapia for insights into the metabolic dysregulation induced by polypropylene nano- and microplastics. This analytical method initiates with the dispensing of an extraction solvent onto the needles coated with the mucus sample, almost simultaneously applying a high voltage to generate analyte ions. This innovative strategy obliterates the necessitation for laborious sample preparation, thereby simplifying the sampling process. Employing this technique facilitated the delineation of a plethora of metabolites, encompassing, but not confined to, amino acids, peptides, carbohydrates, ketones, fatty acids, and their derivatives. Follow-up pathway enrichment analysis exposed notable alterations within key metabolic pathways, including the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, lysine degradation, as well as the biosynthesis and metabolism of valine, leucine, and isoleucine pathways in Nile tilapia, consequent to increased concentrations of polypropylene nanoplastics. These metabolic alterations portend potential implications such as immune suppression, among other deleterious outcomes. This trailblazing application of this methodology not only spares aquatic life from sacrifice but also inaugurates an ethical paradigm for conducting longitudinal studies on the same organisms, facilitating detailed investigations into the long-term effects of environmental pollutants. This technique enhances the ability to observe and understand the subtle yet significant impacts of such contaminants over time.
摘要：
设想了一种无创采样技术，使用一次性针灸针结合高分辨率质谱（称为非侵入性直接采样提取电喷雾电离质谱，NIDS-EESI-MS）仔细检查尼罗罗非鱼的表皮粘液，以了解聚丙烯纳米和微塑料引起的代谢失调。该分析方法首先将提取溶剂分配到涂有粘液样品的针上，几乎同时施加高电压以产生分析物离子。这种创新策略消除了费力的样品制备的必要性，从而简化采样过程。采用这种技术促进了大量代谢物的描绘，包罗万象，但不限于，氨基酸,肽，碳水化合物,酮,脂肪酸，以及它们的衍生物。后续途径富集分析揭示了关键代谢途径内的显著变化，包括苯丙氨酸的生物合成，酪氨酸,和色氨酸,赖氨酸降解，以及缬氨酸的生物合成和代谢，亮氨酸,尼罗罗非鱼的异亮氨酸途径，结果聚丙烯纳米塑料的浓度增加。这些代谢改变预示着潜在的影响，如免疫抑制，在其他有害结果中。这种方法的开创性应用不仅使水生生物免于牺牲，而且还开创了对同一生物进行纵向研究的伦理范式。促进对环境污染物长期影响的详细调查。该技术增强了随着时间的推移观察和理解此类污染物的微妙但显著的影响的能力。
