Abstract：
BACKGROUND: This study investigates factors contributing Amaranthus albus control failure in processing tomato fields in northern Israel. The study region is characterized by a significant climate gradient from east to west, providing the opportunity to investigate the effect of critical elements of the agricultural environment, e.g., temperature. Eight populations were collected from commercial fields in this region. Post-emergence herbicide efficacy of metribuzin, a photosystem II inhibitor, and rimsulfuron, an acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor, was assessed through dose-response analyses at various growth stages. Temperature effects on control efficacy and resistance mechanisms were also explored.
RESULTS: Standard metribuzin dose (X) was ineffective on A. albus plants with more than six true-leaves, whereas 2X dose proved effective. Rimsulfuron at 16X dose was ineffective on plants with more than four true-leaves. We report here the first case of target site resistance to ALS inhibitors in A. albus, due to point mutation in the ALS gene (Pro197 to Leu). Furthermore, our findings suggest potential involvement of CYT P450 enzymes in enhanced metabolizing of rimsulfuron. An overall decrease in dry weight was observed in response to both herbicides at 16/22 °C (P < 0.0001). Rimsulfuron was effective against only one population when applied at 28/34 °C. A possible fitness cost associated with target site-resistant biotypes was observed under low temperature conditions, leading to effective control.
CONCLUSIONS: This regional-scale study highlights the challenges faced by growers, emphasizes the need for adapting management practices to the local climatic conditions and lays the groundwork for implementing location-specific weed management strategies in commercial fields. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
RESULTS: Standard metribuzin dose (X) was ineffective on A. albus plants with more than six true-leaves, whereas 2X dose proved effective. Rimsulfuron at 16X dose was ineffective on plants with more than four true-leaves. We report here the first case of target site resistance to ALS inhibitors in A. albus, due to point mutation in the ALS gene (Pro197 to Leu). Furthermore, our findings suggest potential involvement of CYT P450 enzymes in enhanced metabolizing of rimsulfuron. An overall decrease in dry weight was observed in response to both herbicides at 16/22 °C (P < 0.0001). Rimsulfuron was effective against only one population when applied at 28/34 °C. A possible fitness cost associated with target site-resistant biotypes was observed under low temperature conditions, leading to effective control.
CONCLUSIONS: This regional-scale study highlights the challenges faced by growers, emphasizes the need for adapting management practices to the local climatic conditions and lays the groundwork for implementing location-specific weed management strategies in commercial fields. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
摘要：
背景：本研究调查了导致以色列北部加工番茄田Amaranthusalbus控制失败的因素。研究区域的特点是自东向西具有显著的气候梯度,提供调查农业环境关键要素影响的机会，例如，temperature.从该地区的商业领域收集了8个种群。metribuzin的出苗后除草剂功效，光系统II抑制剂，还有苄磺隆,乙酰乳酸合酶（ALS）抑制剂，通过不同生长阶段的剂量反应分析进行评估。还探讨了温度对控制功效和抗性机制的影响。
结果：标准metribuzin剂量（X）对具有超过六片真叶的a.albus植物无效，而2X剂量被证明是有效的。16X剂量的磺隆对具有四片以上真叶的植物无效。我们在这里报道了第一例A.albus对ALS抑制剂的靶位点抗性，由于ALS基因的点突变（Pro197toLeu）。此外，我们的研究结果表明,CYTP450酶可能参与了苄磺隆的代谢增强.在16/22°C下观察到响应于两种除草剂的干重的总体降低(P<0.0001)。当在28/34°C下施用时，Rimpronon仅对一种种群有效。在低温条件下观察到与目标位点抗性生物型相关的可能的健身成本，导致有效控制。
结论：这项区域规模的研究突出了种植者面临的挑战，强调需要使管理实践适应当地的气候条件，并为在商业领域实施特定地点的杂草管理策略奠定基础。©2024作者（S）。害虫管理科学由JohnWiley&SonsLtd代表化学工业学会出版。
结果：标准metribuzin剂量（X）对具有超过六片真叶的a.albus植物无效，而2X剂量被证明是有效的。16X剂量的磺隆对具有四片以上真叶的植物无效。我们在这里报道了第一例A.albus对ALS抑制剂的靶位点抗性，由于ALS基因的点突变（Pro197toLeu）。此外，我们的研究结果表明,CYTP450酶可能参与了苄磺隆的代谢增强.在16/22°C下观察到响应于两种除草剂的干重的总体降低(P<0.0001)。当在28/34°C下施用时，Rimpronon仅对一种种群有效。在低温条件下观察到与目标位点抗性生物型相关的可能的健身成本，导致有效控制。
结论：这项区域规模的研究突出了种植者面临的挑战，强调需要使管理实践适应当地的气候条件，并为在商业领域实施特定地点的杂草管理策略奠定基础。©2024作者（S）。害虫管理科学由JohnWiley&SonsLtd代表化学工业学会出版。
