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Abstract：
Sugarcane, a significant cash crop in tropical and subtropical regions, contributes to 80% of sugar production and 40% of bioethanol production in the world. It is a key sugar crop, accounting for 85% of sugar production in China. Developing new varieties with high yield, high sugar, and better stress resistance is crucial for the sustainable growth of sugar industry. Hybrid breeding is the most widely used and effective method, with over 98% of Chinese sugarcane varieties resulting from this approach. Over the past two decades, Chinese breeders have developed the theory of high-heterogeneous composite high-sugar breeding, leading to the successful breeding of the fifth-generation sugarcane varieties. Among them, YZ08-1609, a complex hybrid of Saccharum spp., was developed by Sugarcane Research Institute (YSRI) of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The average cane yield of YZ08-1609 was 14.4% higher than ROC22. It is highly resistant to mosaic disease, and highly tolerant to drought stress, but moderately susceptible to smut disease. Notably, YZ08-1609 stands out with a sucrose content of 20.3%, setting an international record, earning the reputation as \"King of Sugar\". To summarize experience and inspire breeding, we provided here the detailed insights into the selection of parents, breeding process, and characteristics of YZ08-1609. Besides, the biological mechanisms underlying its high yield and high sugar was excavated at both transcriptional and metabolic levels. The challenges and prospects in breeding sugarcane varieties especially with high sugar were also discussed, offering a foundation for the future development of high-sugar varieties.
摘要：
甘蔗,热带和亚热带地区的重要经济作物，贡献了世界上80%的糖产量和40%的生物乙醇产量。它是一种关键的糖料作物，占中国食糖产量的85%。开发高产新品种,高糖,良好的抗逆性对制糖行业的可持续增长至关重要。杂交育种是目前应用最广泛、最有效的方法,超过98%的中国甘蔗品种是由这种方法产生的。在过去的二十年里，我国育种家发展了高异质复合高糖育种理论,导致第五代甘蔗品种的成功选育。其中,YZ08-1609，糖果属的复杂杂种。,由云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所（YSRI）开发。YZ08-1609的平均甘蔗产量比ROC22高14.4%。它对花叶病有很强的抵抗力，对干旱胁迫具有高度的耐受性，但中度易患黑穗病。值得注意的是,YZ08-1609的蔗糖含量为20.3%，创下国际纪录,赢得“糖之王”的美誉。总结经验,启发育种,我们在这里提供了父母选择的详细见解，育种过程,和YZ08-1609的特点。此外,在转录和代谢水平上都挖掘了其高产和高糖的生物学机制。还讨论了甘蔗品种选育的挑战和前景，尤其是高糖甘蔗品种的选育。为高糖品种的未来发展奠定了基础。
