Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The influence of socioeconomic disparities and multidimensional stressors on youth tobacco and marijuana use is recognized; however, the extent of these effects varies among different racial groups. Understanding the racial differences in the factors influencing substance use is crucial for developing tailored interventions aimed at reducing disparities in tobacco and marijuana use among adolescents.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the differential effects of socioeconomic disparities and multidimensional stressors on tobacco and marijuana use between Black and White adolescents.
METHODS: Utilizing longitudinal data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, this research includes a cohort of pre-youth, monitored from the age of 9-10 years for a period of up to 36 months. We examined the impact of various socioeconomic status (SES) indicators and multidimensional stressors, including trauma, financial stress, racial discrimination, and family stress, alongside baseline average cortical thickness and the subsequent initiation of tobacco and marijuana use over the 36-month follow-up.
RESULTS: Overall, 10,777 participants entered our analysis. This included 8263 White and 2514 Black youth. Our findings indicate significant differences in the pathways from SES indicators through stress types to cortical thickness between Black and White youths. Notably, cortical thickness\'s impact on the future initiation of tobacco and marijuana use was present in both groups.
CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that compared to White adolescents, Black adolescents\' substance use and associated cortical thickness are less influenced by stress and SES indicators. This discrepancy may be attributed to the compounded effects of racism, where psychosocial mechanisms might be more diminished for Black youth than White youth. These findings support the theory of Minorities\' Diminished Returns rather than the cumulative disadvantage or double jeopardy hypothesis, highlighting the need for interventions that address the unique challenges faced by Black adolescents.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the differential effects of socioeconomic disparities and multidimensional stressors on tobacco and marijuana use between Black and White adolescents.
METHODS: Utilizing longitudinal data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, this research includes a cohort of pre-youth, monitored from the age of 9-10 years for a period of up to 36 months. We examined the impact of various socioeconomic status (SES) indicators and multidimensional stressors, including trauma, financial stress, racial discrimination, and family stress, alongside baseline average cortical thickness and the subsequent initiation of tobacco and marijuana use over the 36-month follow-up.
RESULTS: Overall, 10,777 participants entered our analysis. This included 8263 White and 2514 Black youth. Our findings indicate significant differences in the pathways from SES indicators through stress types to cortical thickness between Black and White youths. Notably, cortical thickness\'s impact on the future initiation of tobacco and marijuana use was present in both groups.
CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that compared to White adolescents, Black adolescents\' substance use and associated cortical thickness are less influenced by stress and SES indicators. This discrepancy may be attributed to the compounded effects of racism, where psychosocial mechanisms might be more diminished for Black youth than White youth. These findings support the theory of Minorities\' Diminished Returns rather than the cumulative disadvantage or double jeopardy hypothesis, highlighting the need for interventions that address the unique challenges faced by Black adolescents.
摘要：
背景：社会经济差异和多维压力源对青年烟草和大麻使用的影响已得到认可；但是，这些影响的程度因不同种族而异。了解影响物质使用因素的种族差异对于制定旨在减少青少年烟草和大麻使用差异的量身定制干预措施至关重要。
目的：本研究旨在探讨社会经济差异和多维压力因素对黑人和白人青少年烟草和大麻使用的不同影响。
方法：利用来自青少年大脑认知发育（ABCD）研究的纵向数据，这项研究包括一批青年前，从9-10岁开始监测长达36个月的时间。我们检查了各种社会经济地位(SES)指标和多维压力源的影响，包括外伤,财务压力，种族歧视,家庭压力,在36个月的随访中，基线平均皮质厚度以及随后开始使用烟草和大麻。
结果：总体而言，10,777名参与者进入了我们的分析。其中包括8263名白人和2514名黑人青年。我们的发现表明，黑人和白人年轻人之间从SES指标到压力类型到皮质厚度的途径存在显着差异。值得注意的是,皮质厚度对未来开始使用烟草和大麻的影响在两组中均存在。
结论：研究表明，与白人青少年相比，黑人青少年的物质使用和相关的皮质厚度受压力和SES指标的影响较小。这种差异可能归因于种族主义的复合影响，在那里，黑人青年的社会心理机制可能比白人青年的减少更多。这些发现支持少数群体收益递减理论，而不是累积劣势或双重危险假设，强调需要采取干预措施来应对黑人青少年面临的独特挑战。
目的：本研究旨在探讨社会经济差异和多维压力因素对黑人和白人青少年烟草和大麻使用的不同影响。
方法：利用来自青少年大脑认知发育（ABCD）研究的纵向数据，这项研究包括一批青年前，从9-10岁开始监测长达36个月的时间。我们检查了各种社会经济地位(SES)指标和多维压力源的影响，包括外伤,财务压力，种族歧视,家庭压力,在36个月的随访中，基线平均皮质厚度以及随后开始使用烟草和大麻。
结果：总体而言，10,777名参与者进入了我们的分析。其中包括8263名白人和2514名黑人青年。我们的发现表明，黑人和白人年轻人之间从SES指标到压力类型到皮质厚度的途径存在显着差异。值得注意的是,皮质厚度对未来开始使用烟草和大麻的影响在两组中均存在。
结论：研究表明，与白人青少年相比，黑人青少年的物质使用和相关的皮质厚度受压力和SES指标的影响较小。这种差异可能归因于种族主义的复合影响，在那里，黑人青年的社会心理机制可能比白人青年的减少更多。这些发现支持少数群体收益递减理论，而不是累积劣势或双重危险假设，强调需要采取干预措施来应对黑人青少年面临的独特挑战。
