Abstract：
Poxviruses are large (200-450 nm) and enveloped viruses carrying double-stranded DNA genome with an epidermal cell-specific adaptation. The genus Orthopoxvirus within Poxviridae family constitutes several medically and veterinary important viruses including variola (smallpox), vaccinia, monkeypox virus (MPXV), and cowpox. The monkeypox disease (mpox) has recently emerged as a public health emergency caused by MPXV. An increasing number of human cases of MPXV have been documented in non-endemic nations without any known history of contact with animals brought in from endemic and enzootic regions, nor have they involved travel to an area where the virus was typically prevalent. Here, we review the MPXV replication, virus pathobiology, mechanism of viral infection transmission, virus evasion the host innate immunity and antiviral therapies against Mpox. Moreover, preventive measures including vaccination were discussed and concluded that cross-protection against MPXV may be possible using antibodies that are directed against an Orthopoxvirus. Despite the lack of a specialised antiviral medication, several compounds such as Cidofovir and Ribavirin warrant consideration against mpox.
摘要：
痘病毒是大的(200-450nm)和包膜病毒,其携带具有表皮细胞特异性适应性的双链DNA基因组。痘病毒科中的正痘病毒属构成几种医学和兽医学上重要的病毒，包括天花（天花），牛痘,猴痘病毒(MPXV),还有牛痘.猴痘病（mpox）最近已成为由MPXV引起的公共卫生紧急情况。在非地方病国家，已经记录了越来越多的人类MPXV病例，而没有任何已知的与来自地方性和地方性地区的动物接触的历史。他们也没有涉及前往病毒通常流行的地区。这里,我们回顾了MPXV复制，病毒病理生物学，病毒感染传播机制，病毒逃避宿主先天性免疫和针对水痘的抗病毒治疗。此外，我们讨论了包括疫苗接种在内的预防措施,并得出结论,使用针对正痘病毒的抗体,可以实现针对MPXV的交叉保护.尽管缺乏专门的抗病毒药物，一些化合物，如西多福韦和利巴韦林值得考虑预防水痘。
