Abstract：
Although the smallpox virus has been eradicated worldwide, the World Health Organization (WHO) has issued a warning about the virus\'s potential to propagate globally. The WHO labeled monkeypox a world public health emergency in July 2022, requiring urgent prevention and treatment. The monkeypox virus is a part of the Poxviridae family, Orthopoxvirus genus, and is accountable for smallpox, which has killed over a million people in the past. Natural hosts of the virus include squirrels, Gambian rodents, chimpanzees, and other monkeys. The monkeypox virus has transmitted to humans through primary vectors (various animal species) and secondary vectors, including direct touch with lesions, breathing particles from body fluids, and infected bedding. The viral particles are ovoid or brick-shaped, 200-250 nm in diameter, contain a single double-stranded DNA molecule, and reproduce only in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Monkeypox causes fever, cold, muscle pains, headache, fatigue, and backache. The phylogenetic investigation distinguished between two genetic clades of monkeypox: the more pathogenic Congo Basin clade and the West Africa clade. In recent years, the geographical spread of the human monkeypox virus has accelerated despite a paucity of information regarding the disease\'s emergence, ecology, and epidemiology. Using lesion samples and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the monkeypox virus was diagnosed. In the USA, the improved Ankara vaccine can now be used to protect people who are at a higher risk of getting monkeypox. Antivirals that we have now work well against smallpox and may stop the spread of monkeypox, but there is no particular therapy for monkeypox.
摘要：
尽管天花病毒已经在世界范围内根除，世界卫生组织（WHO）已经发布了关于该病毒在全球传播的可能性的警告。世界卫生组织于2022年7月将猴痘列为世界公共卫生紧急事件，需要紧急预防和治疗。猴痘病毒是痘病毒科的一部分,正痘病毒属,对天花负责，过去已经杀死了超过一百万人。病毒的自然宿主包括松鼠,冈比亚啮齿动物,黑猩猩,和其他猴子。猴痘病毒已经通过初级载体(各种动物物种)和次级载体传播给人类,包括直接接触病变，从体液中呼吸微粒，和感染的床上用品。病毒颗粒呈卵形或砖形,直径200-250nm，包含一个双链DNA分子，并且只在受感染细胞的细胞质中繁殖。猴痘会引起发烧,冷,肌肉疼痛,头痛,疲劳,和背痛。系统发育研究区分了猴痘的两个遗传进化枝：致病性更强的刚果盆地进化枝和西非进化枝。近年来,尽管缺乏关于这种疾病出现的信息，但人类猴痘病毒的地理传播却加速了，生态学,和流行病学。使用病变样本和聚合酶链反应（PCR），猴痘病毒被诊断出来了.在美国,改进的安卡拉疫苗现在可以用来保护那些患猴痘风险较高的人。我们现在已经可以很好地对抗天花并可以阻止猴痘的传播的抗病毒药物，但是对于猴痘没有特别的治疗方法.
