Abstract：
Alzheimer\'s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that primarily manifests itself by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline, thus significantly affecting memory functions and quality of life. In this review, we proceed from the understanding that the canonical amyloid-β hypothesis, while significant, has faced setbacks, highlighting the need to adopt a broader perspective considering the intricate interplay of diverse pathological pathways for effective AD treatments. Sex differences in AD offer valuable insights into a better understanding of its pathophysiology. Fluctuation of the levels of ovarian sex hormones during perimenopause is associated with changes in glucose metabolism, as a possible window of opportunity to further understand the roles of sex steroid hormones and their associated receptors in the pathophysiology of AD. We review these dimensions, emphasizing the potential of estrogen receptors (ERs) to reveal mitochondrial functions in the search for further research and therapeutic strategies for AD pharmacotherapy. Understanding and addressing the intricate interactions of mitochondrial dysfunction and ERs potentially pave the way for more effective approaches to AD therapy.
摘要：
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种神经退行性疾病，主要表现为进行性记忆丧失和认知能力下降，从而显著影响记忆功能和生活质量。在这次审查中,我们从经典的淀粉样蛋白-β假说的理解出发，虽然意义重大，面临挫折，强调需要采取更广泛的观点，考虑到不同病理途径的复杂相互作用，有效的AD治疗。AD的性别差异为更好地理解其病理生理学提供了有价值的见解。围绝经期卵巢性激素水平的波动与糖代谢的变化有关,作为进一步了解性类固醇激素及其相关受体在AD病理生理学中的作用的可能机会之窗。我们回顾了这些维度，强调雌激素受体（ER）揭示线粒体功能的潜力，以寻找AD药物治疗的进一步研究和治疗策略。了解和解决线粒体功能障碍和ER的复杂相互作用可能为更有效的AD治疗方法铺平道路。
