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Abstract：
Sarcopenia has been described as a muscle disease, with multiple adverse consequences on human health. Recommendations aimed at supporting awareness, prevention, early detection and treatment of this disease are needed. This review focuses on the epidemiology, pathophysiology and early detection of elderly sarcopenia. As far as treatment is concerned, physical activity and nutritional support are specifically evaluated. An individually tailored resistance exercise training program appears to be crucial for a positive outcome of the sarcopenia prevention and treatment. The nutritional intervention is mostly based on the supplementation with high-quality proteins (i.e., whey protein) in order to increase the intake of essential amino acids and in particular of leucine. In addition, of relevant importance appears to be the supplementation with vitamin D, with omega-3 fatty acids and probiotics. This review evaluates the results of the most qualified studies on the nutritional supplementation of sarcopenic elderly subjects and shows that promising results have been achieved in community elderly subjects, or subjects followed in rehabilitation centers and in nursing homes, with additional resistance exercise programs.
摘要：
肌肉减少症被描述为一种肌肉疾病，对人类健康有多重不利影响。旨在支持提高认识的建议，预防,需要早期发现和治疗这种疾病。这篇综述侧重于流行病学，老年肌少症的病理生理学和早期发现。就治疗而言，特别评估身体活动和营养支持。个性化的阻力运动训练计划似乎对于肌肉减少症预防和治疗的积极结果至关重要。营养干预主要基于补充高质量的蛋白质(即，乳清蛋白），以增加必需氨基酸，特别是亮氨酸的摄入量。此外,相关的重要性似乎是补充维生素D，含有omega-3脂肪酸和益生菌。这篇综述评估了关于少肌症老年受试者营养补充的最合格研究的结果，并表明社区老年受试者已经取得了有希望的结果，或者在康复中心和疗养院跟踪的受试者，额外的抵抗运动计划。
