Abstract：
BACKGROUND: High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection is the primary reason for cervical cancer and precancerous lesions in females. Specific immune alterations in pregnancy led to greater HR-HPV replication and reduced clearance of HR-HPV infection. This study retrospectively obtained and analyzed data from a tertiary hospital in Beijing, China. We aimed to ascertain both the genotype distribution and prevalence of HR-HPV in pregnant females. Moreover, we sought to analyze the association of HR-HPV with maternal-fetal pregnancy outcomes.
METHODS: The retrospective observational cohort study was divided into two parts. Part I evaluated the genotype distribution and prevalence of HR-HPV. It encompassed 6285 pregnant women who underwent a routine pregnancy check-up, Thin Prep cytology test (TCT), and HR-HPV diagnosis during weeks 12-14 of gestation between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2021. Part II analyzed the association between HR-HPV infection and maternal-fetal pregnancy outcome. Through a nearest-neighbor 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM), we matched HR-HPV-positive and HR-HPV-negative pregnant women using caliper width equal to 0.02. After PSM, 171 HR-HPV-positive and 171 HR-HPV-negative pregnant women were included to analyze the association between HR-HPV infection and maternal-fetal pregnancy outcome.
RESULTS: In total 737 (11.73%) pregnant women were HR-HPV positive. The five most common genotypes of HR-HPV were HPV-52 (2.90%), HPV-58 (2%), HPV-16 (1.94%), HPV-51 (1.38%), and HPV-39 (1.29%). As for age-specific HPV prevalence, a \"U-shaped\" pattern was observed. The first and second peaks were detected in pregnant females aged <25 years and those aged ≥35 years, respectively. Our study found no significant difference between the HR-HPV-positive and the HR-HPV-negative pregnant females in the following maternal-fetal pregnancy outcomes: spontaneous abortion (1.2% for HR-HPV positive, 0% for HR-HPV negative, p = 0.478), preterm delivery (4.7% for HR-HPV positive, 5.3% for HR-HPV negative, p = 0.804), premature rupture of membrane (28.8% for HR-HPV positive, 22.8% for HR-HPV negative, p = 0.216), preeclampsia (7.6% for HR-HPV positive, 7.6% for HR-HPV negative, p = 1), oligohydramnios (8.2% for HR-HPV positive, 7% for HR-HPV negative, p = 0.683), fetal growth restriction (1.8% for HR-HPV positive, 0.6% for HPV negative, p = 0.615), placenta previa (1.2% for HR-HPV positive, 0.6% for HR-HPV negative, p = 1), postpartum hemorrhage (8.9% for HR-HPV positive, 11.2% for HR-HPV negative, p = 0.47). There was also no significant difference in delivery mode or birth weight between the two groups.
CONCLUSIONS: HPV-16, 52, and 58 were the most prevalent infection genotypes in pregnant females. The study showed no significant differences between HR-HPV-positive and HR-HPV-negative groups in the maternal-fetal pregnancy outcomes.
METHODS: The retrospective observational cohort study was divided into two parts. Part I evaluated the genotype distribution and prevalence of HR-HPV. It encompassed 6285 pregnant women who underwent a routine pregnancy check-up, Thin Prep cytology test (TCT), and HR-HPV diagnosis during weeks 12-14 of gestation between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2021. Part II analyzed the association between HR-HPV infection and maternal-fetal pregnancy outcome. Through a nearest-neighbor 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM), we matched HR-HPV-positive and HR-HPV-negative pregnant women using caliper width equal to 0.02. After PSM, 171 HR-HPV-positive and 171 HR-HPV-negative pregnant women were included to analyze the association between HR-HPV infection and maternal-fetal pregnancy outcome.
RESULTS: In total 737 (11.73%) pregnant women were HR-HPV positive. The five most common genotypes of HR-HPV were HPV-52 (2.90%), HPV-58 (2%), HPV-16 (1.94%), HPV-51 (1.38%), and HPV-39 (1.29%). As for age-specific HPV prevalence, a \"U-shaped\" pattern was observed. The first and second peaks were detected in pregnant females aged <25 years and those aged ≥35 years, respectively. Our study found no significant difference between the HR-HPV-positive and the HR-HPV-negative pregnant females in the following maternal-fetal pregnancy outcomes: spontaneous abortion (1.2% for HR-HPV positive, 0% for HR-HPV negative, p = 0.478), preterm delivery (4.7% for HR-HPV positive, 5.3% for HR-HPV negative, p = 0.804), premature rupture of membrane (28.8% for HR-HPV positive, 22.8% for HR-HPV negative, p = 0.216), preeclampsia (7.6% for HR-HPV positive, 7.6% for HR-HPV negative, p = 1), oligohydramnios (8.2% for HR-HPV positive, 7% for HR-HPV negative, p = 0.683), fetal growth restriction (1.8% for HR-HPV positive, 0.6% for HPV negative, p = 0.615), placenta previa (1.2% for HR-HPV positive, 0.6% for HR-HPV negative, p = 1), postpartum hemorrhage (8.9% for HR-HPV positive, 11.2% for HR-HPV negative, p = 0.47). There was also no significant difference in delivery mode or birth weight between the two groups.
CONCLUSIONS: HPV-16, 52, and 58 were the most prevalent infection genotypes in pregnant females. The study showed no significant differences between HR-HPV-positive and HR-HPV-negative groups in the maternal-fetal pregnancy outcomes.
摘要：
背景：高危型人乳头瘤病毒（HR-HPV）感染是女性宫颈癌和癌前病变的主要原因。妊娠中的特异性免疫改变导致更多的HR-HPV复制和降低的HR-HPV感染的清除。这项研究回顾性地获得并分析了来自北京一家三级医院的数据，中国。我们旨在确定孕妇中HR-HPV的基因型分布和患病率。此外，我们试图分析HR-HPV与母胎妊娠结局的相关性.
方法：回顾性观察性队列研究分为两部分。第一部分评估了HR-HPV的基因型分布和患病率。它包括6285名接受常规妊娠检查的孕妇，薄层细胞学检查(TCT),2013年1月1日至2021年12月31日期间妊娠12-14周的HR-HPV诊断。第二部分分析了HR-HPV感染与母胎妊娠结局之间的关系。通过最近邻1：1倾向得分匹配(PSM)，我们使用卡尺宽度等于0.02对HR-HPV阳性和HR-HPV阴性孕妇进行匹配.PSM之后,纳入171例HR-HPV阳性和171例HR-HPV阴性孕妇，以分析HR-HPV感染与母胎妊娠结局之间的关系。
结果：总共737名（11.73%）孕妇中HR-HPV阳性。HR-HPV最常见的5种基因型为HPV-52(2.90%),HPV-58（2%），HPV-16（1.94%），HPV-51（1.38%），HPV-39（1.29%）。至于年龄特异性HPV患病率，观察到“U形”模式。在年龄<25岁和年龄≥35岁的孕妇中检测到第一和第二峰，分别。我们的研究发现，在以下母胎妊娠结局中，HR-HPV阳性和HR-HPV阴性孕妇之间没有显着差异：自然流产（HR-HPV阳性为1.2％，HR-HPV阴性为0%，p=0.478),早产（HR-HPV阳性的4.7%，HR-HPV阴性5.3%，p=0.804),胎膜早破(HR-HPV阳性28.8%,HR-HPV阴性的22.8%，p=0.216),先兆子痫（HR-HPV阳性为7.6%，HR-HPV阴性为7.6%，p=1),羊水过少（HR-HPV阳性为8.2%，7%为HR-HPV阴性，p=0.683),胎儿生长受限(HR-HPV阳性1.8%，0.6％的HPV阴性，p=0.615),前置胎盘（HR-HPV阳性1.2%，HR-HPV阴性0.6％，p=1),产后出血（HR-HPV阳性为8.9％，HR-HPV阴性11.2%，p=0.47）。两组的分娩方式和出生体重也没有显着差异。
结论：HPV-16、52和58是妊娠女性中最普遍的感染基因型。该研究显示HR-HPV阳性组和HR-HPV阴性组在母胎妊娠结局方面没有显着差异。
方法：回顾性观察性队列研究分为两部分。第一部分评估了HR-HPV的基因型分布和患病率。它包括6285名接受常规妊娠检查的孕妇，薄层细胞学检查(TCT),2013年1月1日至2021年12月31日期间妊娠12-14周的HR-HPV诊断。第二部分分析了HR-HPV感染与母胎妊娠结局之间的关系。通过最近邻1：1倾向得分匹配(PSM)，我们使用卡尺宽度等于0.02对HR-HPV阳性和HR-HPV阴性孕妇进行匹配.PSM之后,纳入171例HR-HPV阳性和171例HR-HPV阴性孕妇，以分析HR-HPV感染与母胎妊娠结局之间的关系。
结果：总共737名（11.73%）孕妇中HR-HPV阳性。HR-HPV最常见的5种基因型为HPV-52(2.90%),HPV-58（2%），HPV-16（1.94%），HPV-51（1.38%），HPV-39（1.29%）。至于年龄特异性HPV患病率，观察到“U形”模式。在年龄<25岁和年龄≥35岁的孕妇中检测到第一和第二峰，分别。我们的研究发现，在以下母胎妊娠结局中，HR-HPV阳性和HR-HPV阴性孕妇之间没有显着差异：自然流产（HR-HPV阳性为1.2％，HR-HPV阴性为0%，p=0.478),早产（HR-HPV阳性的4.7%，HR-HPV阴性5.3%，p=0.804),胎膜早破(HR-HPV阳性28.8%,HR-HPV阴性的22.8%，p=0.216),先兆子痫（HR-HPV阳性为7.6%，HR-HPV阴性为7.6%，p=1),羊水过少（HR-HPV阳性为8.2%，7%为HR-HPV阴性，p=0.683),胎儿生长受限(HR-HPV阳性1.8%，0.6％的HPV阴性，p=0.615),前置胎盘（HR-HPV阳性1.2%，HR-HPV阴性0.6％，p=1),产后出血（HR-HPV阳性为8.9％，HR-HPV阴性11.2%，p=0.47）。两组的分娩方式和出生体重也没有显着差异。
结论：HPV-16、52和58是妊娠女性中最普遍的感染基因型。该研究显示HR-HPV阳性组和HR-HPV阴性组在母胎妊娠结局方面没有显着差异。
