Abstract：
Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer, is an important aquatic species in mariculture. Intensive farming of this species has faced episodes of bacterial diseases, including those due to vibriosis, scale drop, and muscle necrosis disease, big belly disease, photobacteriosis, columnaris, streptococcosis, aeromoniasis, and tenacibaculosis. Vaccination is one of the most efficient, non-antibiotic, and eco-friendly strategies for protecting fish against bacterial diseases, contributing to aquaculture expansion and ensuring food security. As of now, although numerous vaccines have undergone laboratory research, only one commercially available inactivated vaccine, suitable for both immersion and injection administration, is accessible for preventing Streptococcus iniae. Several key challenges in developing vaccines for Asian seabass must be addressed, such as the current limited understanding of immunological responses to vaccines, the costs associated with vaccine production, forms, and routes of vaccine application, and how to increase the adoption of vaccines by farmers. The future of vaccine development for the Asian seabass industry, therefore, is discussed with these key critical issues in mind. The focus is on improving our understanding of Asian seabass immunity, including maternal immunity, immunocompetence, and immune responses post-vaccination, as well as developing tools to assess vaccine effectiveness. The need for an alignment of fish vaccines with state-of-the-art vaccine technologies employed in human and terrestrial animal healthcare is also discussed. This review also discusses the necessity of providing locally-produced autogenous vaccines, especially for immersion and oral vaccines, to benefit small-scale fish farmers, and the potential benefits that might be extended through changes to current husbandry practices such as the vaccination of broodstock and earlier life stages of their off-spring.
摘要：
亚洲鲈鱼，Latescalcarifer,是海水养殖中重要的水生物种。这种物种的集约化养殖面临着细菌性疾病的发作，包括那些由弧菌病引起的,缩放,和肌肉坏死疾病，大肚子病,光细菌，哥伦布,链球菌病,Aeromoniasis,和肌腱病。疫苗接种是最有效的，非抗生素，和保护鱼类免受细菌性疾病的生态友好策略，促进水产养殖扩张和确保粮食安全。截至目前,尽管许多疫苗都经过了实验室研究，只有一种市售的灭活疫苗，适用于浸泡和注射给药，可以预防链球菌。必须解决开发亚洲鲈鱼疫苗的几个关键挑战，例如目前对疫苗免疫反应的了解有限，与疫苗生产相关的成本，forms,和疫苗的应用途径，以及如何增加农民对疫苗的采用。亚洲鲈鱼行业疫苗开发的未来，因此,在讨论这些关键的关键问题时。重点是提高我们对亚洲鲈鱼免疫力的认识,包括母体免疫力,免疫能力，和疫苗接种后的免疫反应，以及开发评估疫苗有效性的工具。还讨论了需要将鱼类疫苗与人类和陆生动物医疗保健中采用的最先进的疫苗技术进行匹配。这篇综述还讨论了提供本地生产的自体疫苗的必要性，特别是浸泡和口服疫苗，为了造福小规模养鱼户，以及通过改变当前的畜牧业做法可能会扩展的潜在好处，例如对亲鱼和后代的早期生命阶段进行疫苗接种。
