Abstract：
Microneedles (MNs) offer minimally-invasive access to interstitial fluid (ISF) - a potent alternative to blood in terms of monitoring physiological analytes. This property is particularly advantageous for the painless detection and monitoring of drugs and biomolecules. However, the complexity of the skin environment, coupled with the inherent nature of the analytes being detected and the inherent physical properties of MNs, pose challenges when conducting physiological monitoring using this fluid. In this review, we discuss different sensing mechanisms and highlight advancements in monitoring different targets, with a particular focus on drug monitoring. We further list the current challenges facing the field and conclude by discussing aspects of MN design which serve to enhance their performance when monitoring different classes of analytes.
摘要：
微针(MNs)提供对间质液(ISF)的微创访问-在监测生理分析物方面是血液的有效替代方案。这种性质对于药物和生物分子的无痛检测和监测是特别有利的。然而,皮肤环境的复杂性，再加上被检测分析物的固有性质和MN的固有物理性质，在使用这种液体进行生理监测时构成挑战。在这次审查中,我们讨论了不同的传感机制，并强调了监测不同目标的进步，特别关注药物监测。我们进一步列出了该领域面临的当前挑战，并通过讨论MN设计的各个方面来得出结论，这些方面有助于在监测不同类别的分析物时提高其性能。
