PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently found cancer in the world, and it is frequently discovered when it is already far along in its development. About 20% of cases of CRC are metastatic and incurable. There is more and more evidence that colorectal cancer stem cells (CCSCs), which are in charge of tumor growth, recurrence, and resistance to treatment, are what make CRC so different. Because we know more about stem cell biology, we quickly learned about the molecular processes and possible cross-talk between signaling pathways that affect the balance of cells in the gut and cancer. Wnt, Notch, TGF-β, and Hedgehog are examples of signaling pathway members whose genes may change to produce CCSCs. These genes control self-renewal and pluripotency in SCs and then decide the function and phenotype of CCSCs. However, in terms of their ability to create tumors and susceptibility to chemotherapeutic drugs, CSCs differ from normal stem cells and the bulk of tumor cells. This may be the reason for the higher rate of cancer recurrence in patients who underwent both surgery and chemotherapy treatment. Scientists have found that a group of uncontrolled miRNAs related to CCSCs affect stemness properties. These miRNAs control CCSC functions like changing the expression of cell cycle genes, metastasis, and drug resistance mechanisms. CCSC-related miRNAs mostly control signal pathways that are known to be important for CCSC biology. The biomarkers (CD markers and miRNA) for CCSCs and their diagnostic roles are the main topics of this review study.
摘要：
结直肠癌（CRC）是世界上第三常见的癌症，它经常在它的发展过程中被发现。大约20%的CRC病例是转移性和不可治愈的。越来越多的证据表明结直肠癌干细胞(CCSCs),负责肿瘤的生长，复发,和对治疗的抵抗力，是什么让CRC如此不同。因为我们更了解干细胞生物学，我们很快了解了影响肠道和癌症细胞平衡的信号通路之间的分子过程和可能的串扰。Wnt,缺口,TGF-β,和Hedgehog是信号通路成员的例子，其基因可能会改变以产生CCSCs。这些基因控制SCs的自我更新和多能性，进而决定CCSCs的功能和表型。然而,就它们产生肿瘤的能力和对化疗药物的敏感性而言，CSC不同于正常干细胞和大部分肿瘤细胞。这可能是同时接受手术和化疗的患者癌症复发率较高的原因。科学家发现，一组与CCSC相关的不受控制的miRNA会影响干性。这些miRNAs控制CCSC的功能，如改变细胞周期基因的表达，转移,和耐药机制。CCSC相关miRNA主要控制已知对CCSC生物学重要的信号通路。CCSCs的生物标志物（CD标记和miRNA）及其诊断作用是本综述研究的主要内容。
