PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Urodelean amphibians can regenerate the tail and the spinal cord (SC) and maintain this ability throughout their life. This clearly distinguishes these animals from mammals. The phenomenon of tail and SC regeneration is based on the capability of cells involved in regeneration to dedifferentiate, enter the cell cycle, and change their (or return to the pre-existing) phenotype during de novo organ formation. The second critical aspect of the successful tail and SC regeneration is the mutual molecular regulation by tissues, of which the SC and the apical wound epidermis are the leaders. Molecular regulatory systems include signaling pathways components, inflammatory factors, ECM molecules, ROS, hormones, neurotransmitters, HSPs, transcriptional and epigenetic factors, etc. The control, carried out by regulatory networks on the feedback principle, recruits the mechanisms used in embryogenesis and accompanies all stages of organ regeneration, from the moment of damage to the completion of morphogenesis and patterning of all its structures. The late regeneration stages and the effects of external factors on them have been poorly studied. A new model for addressing this issue is herein proposed. The data summarized in the review contribute to understanding a wide range of fundamentally important issues in the regenerative biology of tissues and organs in vertebrates including humans.
摘要：
尿道两栖动物可以再生尾巴和脊髓（SC），并在其一生中保持这种能力。这清楚地将这些动物与哺乳动物区分开来。尾部和SC再生的现象是基于参与再生的细胞去分化的能力，进入细胞周期，并在从头器官形成期间改变它们的(或返回到预先存在的)表型。成功的尾巴和SC再生的第二个关键方面是组织的相互分子调节，其中SC和顶端伤口表皮是领导者。分子调控系统包括信号通路成分，炎症因子，ECM分子，ROS,荷尔蒙，神经递质,HSP,转录和表观遗传因素，等。控制，由监管网络根据反馈原则执行，招募胚胎发生中使用的机制，并伴随着器官再生的所有阶段，从损坏到完成所有结构的形态发生和图案化。再生后期阶段和外部因素对它们的影响研究甚少。本文提出了用于解决该问题的新模型。综述中总结的数据有助于理解包括人类在内的脊椎动物组织和器官的再生生物学中广泛的根本重要问题。
