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Abstract：
Siderophores are a class of small molecules renowned for their high iron binding capacity, essential for all life forms requiring iron. This article provides a detailed review of the diverse classifications, and biosynthetic pathways of siderophores, with a particular emphasis on siderophores synthesized via nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and non-NRPS pathways. We further explore the secretion mechanisms of siderophores in microbes and plants, and their role in regulating bioavailable iron levels. Beyond biological functions, the applications of siderophores in medicine, agriculture, and environmental sciences are extensively discussed. These applications include biological pest control, disease treatment, ecological pollution remediation, and heavy metal ion removal. Through a comprehensive analysis of the chemical properties and biological activities of siderophores, this paper demonstrates their wide prospects in scientific research and practical applications, while also highlighting current research gaps and potential future directions.
摘要：
铁载体是一类以其高铁结合能力而闻名的小分子，对所有需要铁的生命形式都是必不可少的。本文详细介绍了各种分类，铁载体的生物合成途径，特别强调通过非核糖体肽合成酶（NRPS）和非NRPS途径合成的铁载体。我们进一步探索铁载体在微生物和植物中的分泌机制，以及它们在调节生物可利用铁水平方面的作用。除了生物学功能，铁载体在医学中的应用，农业,和环境科学被广泛讨论。这些应用包括生物害虫防治，疾病治疗,生态污染修复，重金属离子去除。通过对铁载体的化学性质和生物活性的综合分析,本文展示了它们在科学研究和实际应用中的广阔前景，同时也强调了当前的研究差距和潜在的未来方向。
