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Abstract：
Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is recognized as a zoonotic pathogen with an increasing threat to livestock and poultry. However, research on K. pneumoniae of animal origin remains limited. To address the gap, a comprehensive investigation was carried out by collecting a total of 311 samples from the farms of four animal species (dairy cow, chicken, sheep, and pig) in selected areas of Xinjiang, China. Isolates were identified by khe gene amplification and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Genotyping of K. pneumonia isolates was performed using wzi typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). PCR was employed to identify virulence and resistance genes. An antibiotic susceptibility test was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer method. The findings revealed an isolation of 62 K. pneumoniae strains, with an average isolation rate of 19.94%, with the highest proportion originating from cattle sources (33.33%). Over 85.00% of these isolates harbored six virulence genes (wabG, uge, fimH, markD, entB, and ureA); while more than 75.00% of isolates possessed four resistance genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, oqxA, and gyrA). All isolates exhibited complete resistance to ampicillin and demonstrated substantial resistance to sulfisoxazole, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and enrofloxacin, with an antibiotic resistance rate of more than 50%. Furthermore, 48.39% (30/62) of isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, with a significantly higher isolation rate observed in the swine farms (66.67%) compared to other farms. Genetic characterization revealed the classification of the 62 isolates into 30 distinct wzi allele types or 35 different sequence types (STs). Notably, we identified K. pneumoniae strains of dairy and swine origin belonging to the same ST42 and wzi33-KL64 types, as well as strains of dairy and chicken origin belonging to the same wzi31-KL31-K31 type. These findings emphasize the widespread occurrence of drug-resistant K. pneumoniae across diverse animal sources in Xinjiang, underscoring the high prevalence of multidrug resistance. Additionally, our results suggest the potential for animal-to-animal transmission of K. pneumoniae and there was a correlation between virulence genes and antibiotic resistance genes. Moreover, the current study provides valuable data on the prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and genetic diversity of K. pneumoniae originating from diverse animal sources in Xinjiang, China.
摘要：
肺炎克雷伯菌(K.肺炎）被认为是一种人畜共患病原体，对牲畜和家禽的威胁越来越大。然而,对动物来源的肺炎克雷伯菌的研究仍然有限。为了弥补差距，进行了全面调查，从四种动物(奶牛，鸡肉,绵羊,和猪)在新疆的选定地区，中国。通过khe基因扩增和16SrRNA基因测序鉴定分离株。使用wzi分型和多位点序列分型（MLST）进行肺炎克雷伯菌分离株的基因分型。采用PCR鉴定毒力和抗性基因。使用Kirby-Bauer方法进行抗生素敏感性试验。研究结果表明，分离出62株肺炎克雷伯菌，平均隔离率为19.94%，来自牛的比例最高(33.33%)。超过85.00%的这些分离株含有六个毒力基因(wabG，uge,FIMH,markD,entB,和ureA）；而超过75.00％的分离株具有四个抗性基因（blaTEM，blaSHV,oqxA,和gyra）。所有分离株对氨苄西林表现出完全耐药性，并对硫异恶唑表现出实质性耐药性，阿莫西林/克拉维酸，和恩诺沙星,抗生素耐药率超过50%。此外，48.39%(30/62)的分离株被分类为多重耐药(MDR)菌株,与其他猪场相比，猪场的隔离率显着更高（66.67％）。遗传特征揭示了将62个分离株分为30种不同的wzi等位基因类型或35种不同的序列类型（ST）。值得注意的是,我们确定了属于相同ST42和wzi33-KL64类型的乳制品和猪源肺炎克雷伯菌菌株，以及属于相同wzi31-KL31-K31类型的乳制品和鸡肉来源的菌株。这些发现强调了耐药肺炎克雷伯菌在新疆不同动物来源的广泛存在，强调多药耐药性的高流行率。此外,我们的结果提示肺炎克雷伯菌在动物间传播的可能性,毒力基因和抗生素耐药基因之间存在相关性.此外，当前的研究提供了有关患病率的宝贵数据，抗生素耐药性,新疆不同动物来源的肺炎克雷伯菌的遗传多样性，中国。
