PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Bone modeling involves the addition of bone material through osteoblast-mediated deposition or the removal of bone material via osteoclast-mediated resorption in response to perceived changes in loads by osteocytes. This process is characterized by the independent occurrence of deposition and resorption, which can take place simultaneously at different locations within the bone due to variations in stress levels across its different regions. The principle of bone functional adaptation states that cortical and trabecular bone tissues will respond to mechanical stimuli by adjusting (i.e., bone modeling) their morphology and architecture to mechanically improve their mechanical function in line with the habitual in vivo loading direction. This principle is relevant to various research areas, such as the development of improved orthopedic implants, preventative medicine for osteopenic elderly patients, and the investigation of locomotion behavior in extinct species. In the present review, the mammalian tibia is used as an example to explore cortical and trabecular bone modeling and to examine its implications for the functional adaptation of bones. Following a short introduction and an exposition on characteristics of mechanical stimuli that influence bone modeling, a detailed critical appraisal of the literature on cortical and trabecular bone modeling and bone functional adaptation is given. By synthesizing key findings from studies involving small mammals (rodents), large mammals, and humans, it is shown that examining both cortical and trabecular bone structures is essential for understanding bone functional adaptation. A combined approach can provide a more comprehensive understanding of this significant physiological phenomenon, as each structure contributes uniquely to the phenomenon.
摘要：
骨建模涉及通过成骨细胞介导的沉积添加骨材料或通过破骨细胞介导的再吸收来去除骨材料，以响应骨细胞感知的负荷变化。这个过程的特点是沉积和再吸收的独立发生，这可以同时发生在骨内的不同位置，由于其不同区域的应力水平的变化。骨功能适应的原理指出，皮质和骨小梁组织将通过调节（即，骨建模）它们的形态和结构，以机械地改善其机械功能，以符合习惯性的体内载荷方向。这一原则与各个研究领域有关，例如改进的骨科植入物的开发，老年骨质疏松患者的预防医学，以及灭绝物种运动行为的调查。在本次审查中，以哺乳动物胫骨为例，探索皮质骨和骨小梁模型，并研究其对骨骼功能适应的影响。在简短介绍和阐述影响骨骼建模的机械刺激特征之后，对皮质骨和骨小梁建模和骨功能适应的文献进行了详细的批判性评估。通过综合涉及小型哺乳动物（啮齿动物）的研究的关键发现，大型哺乳动物，和人类,研究表明，检查皮质和骨小梁结构对于理解骨功能适应至关重要。组合方法可以更全面地了解这种重要的生理现象，因为每个结构对这种现象有独特的贡献。
