Abstract：
In this article, the authors summarize the current state of translational science for esophageal and gastric cancers. The available targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and recently discovered molecular targets are reviewed. The authors introduce circulating tumor deoxyribonucleic acid and its promise as a biomarker to detect disease recurrence. The authors present patient-derived organoids as a new model for studying carcinogenesis and treatment responses. Finally, we discuss the implications of organoid models for precision oncology and describe exciting new work applying gene editing technology to organoids and studying tumor-microenvironment interactions using 3-dimensional co-culture systems.
摘要：
在这篇文章中,作者总结了食管癌和胃癌转化科学的现状。现有的靶向治疗,免疫疗法，并对最近发现的分子靶标进行了综述。作者介绍了循环肿瘤脱氧核糖核酸及其作为检测疾病复发的生物标志物的前景。作者提出了患者来源的类器官作为研究致癌作用和治疗反应的新模型。最后,我们讨论了类器官模型对精确肿瘤学的意义，并描述了将基因编辑技术应用于类器官的令人兴奋的新工作，以及使用3维共培养系统研究肿瘤-微环境相互作用。
