PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Paralytic shellfish poisoning is an important concern for mollusk fisheries, aquaculture, and public health. In Galicia, NW Iberian Peninsula, such toxicity has been monitored for a long time using mouse bioassay. Therefore, little information exists about the precise toxin analogues and their possible transformations in diverse mollusk species and environments. After the change in the European PSP reference method, a refinement of the Lawrence method was developed, achieving a 75% reduction in chromatogram run time. Since the beginning of 2021, when this refinement Lawrence method was accredited under the norm UNE-EN ISO/IEC 17025, it has been used in the area to determine the toxin profiles and to estimate PSP toxicity in more than 4500 samples. In this study, we have summarized three years of monitoring results, including interspecific, seasonal, and geographical variability of PSP toxicity and toxin profile. PSP was detected in more than half of the samples analyzed (55%), but only 4.4% of the determinations were above the EU regulatory limit. GTX1,4 was the pair of STX analogs that produced the highest toxicities, but GTX2,3 was found in most samples, mainly due to the reduction of GTX1,4 but also by the higher sensitivity of the method for this pair of analogs. STX seems to be mainly a product of biotransformation from GTX2,3. The studied species (twelve bivalves and one gastropod) accumulated and transformed PSP toxins to a different extent, with most of them showing similar profiles except for Spisula solida and Haliotis tuberculata. Two seasonal peaks of toxicity were found: one in spring-early summer and another in autumn, with slightly different toxin profiles during outbreaks in relation to the toxicity during valleys. In general, both the total toxicity and toxin profiles of the southernmost locations were different from those in the northern part of the Atlantic coast and the Cantabrian Sea, but this general pattern is modified by the PSP history of some specific locations.
摘要：
麻痹性贝类中毒是软体动物渔业的重要问题，水产养殖,和公共卫生。在加利西亚,西北伊比利亚半岛,这种毒性已经使用小鼠生物测定法监测了很长时间。因此,关于精确的毒素类似物及其在不同软体动物物种和环境中可能转化的信息很少。欧洲PSP参考方法改变后，对劳伦斯方法进行了改进，实现75%的色谱运行时间减少。自2021年初以来，当这种改进劳伦斯方法在标准UNE-ENISO/IEC17025下获得认可时，它已被用于该领域，以确定毒素谱并估计4500多个样品中的PSP毒性。在这项研究中,我们总结了三年的监测结果，包括种间，季节性,以及PSP毒性和毒素谱的地理变异性。在一半以上的分析样品（55％）中检测到PSP，但只有4.4%的决定高于欧盟监管限制。GTX1,4是产生最高毒性的一对STX类似物，但是在大多数样本中发现了GTX2,3,主要是由于GTX1,4的减少，但也是由于该方法对这对类似物的更高灵敏度。STX似乎主要是来自GTX2,3的生物转化产物。所研究的物种（十二个双壳类动物和一个腹足类）积累并转化了不同程度的PSP毒素，除了Spisulasolida和Haliotistuberculata外，大多数都显示出相似的特征。发现了两个季节性的毒性高峰：一个在春季初夏，另一个在秋季，爆发期间的毒素谱与山谷期间的毒性略有不同。总的来说,最南端地区的总毒性和毒素分布与大西洋沿岸北部和坎塔布里亚海不同，但是这种一般模式是由一些特定位置的PSP历史修改的。
