PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Domesticated safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a widely cultivated edible oil crop. However, despite its economic importance, the genetic basis underlying key traits such as oil content, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and flowering time remains poorly understood. Here, we present the genome assembly for C. tinctorius variety Jihong01, which was obtained by integrating Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) and BGI-SEQ500 sequencing results. The assembled genome was 1,061.1 Mb, and consisted of 32,379 protein-coding genes, 97.71% of which were functionally annotated. Safflower had a recent whole genome duplication (WGD) event in evolution history and diverged from sunflower approximately 37.3 million years ago. Through comparative genomic analysis at five seed development stages, we unveiled the pivotal roles of fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2) and fatty acid desaturase 6 (FAD6) in linoleic acid (LA) biosynthesis. Similarly, the differential gene expression analysis further reinforced the significance of these genes in regulating LA accumulation. Moreover, our investigation of seed fatty acid composition at different seed developmental stages unveiled the crucial roles of FAD2 and FAD6 in LA biosynthesis. These findings offer important insights into enhancing breeding programs for the improvement of quality traits and provide reference resource for further research on the natural properties of safflower.
摘要：
驯化红花（CarthamustinctoriusL.）是一种广泛种植的食用油作物。然而,尽管其经济重要性，关键性状如含油量的遗传基础，对生物和非生物胁迫的抗性，和开花时间仍然知之甚少。这里,我们介绍了通过整合牛津纳米孔技术（ONT）和BGI-SEQ500测序结果获得的C.tinctorius品种Jihong01的基因组组装。组装的基因组为1,061.1Mb，由32,379个蛋白质编码基因组成，其中97.71%为功能注释。红花在进化史上最近发生了一次全基因组复制（WGD）事件，大约在3730万年前与向日葵分离。通过五个种子发育阶段的比较基因组分析，我们揭示了脂肪酸去饱和酶2（FAD2）和脂肪酸去饱和酶6（FAD6）在亚油酸（LA）生物合成中的关键作用。同样，差异基因表达分析进一步加强了这些基因在调节LA积累中的重要性。此外，我们对不同种子发育阶段种子脂肪酸组成的研究揭示了FAD2和FAD6在LA生物合成中的关键作用。这些发现为提高红花品质性状的育种计划提供了重要见解，并为进一步研究红花的自然特性提供了参考资源。
