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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The relationship between speckle tracking assessed global longitudinal strain (GLS) and Doppler-based echocardiography with basic physiological markers of cardiac function derived from pressure-volume loops is poorly elucidated.
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to describe the association between LS and Doppler-based echocardiography and direct measurements of central haemodynamic parameters from conductance catheter-based pressure-volume loops in an animal model with increasing left ventricular (LV) dysfunction.
METHODS: 12 Danish landrace female pigs (75-80 kg) were used. All instrumentations were performed percutaneously, including the conductance catheter in the LV. Progressive LV dysfunction was induced by embolisation through the left main coronary artery with microspheres every 3 min until a >50% reduction in cardiac output (CO) or mixed venous saturation (SvO2), compared with baseline, or SvO2 <30%. Echocardiography was performed at baseline and 90 s after each injection.
RESULTS: With progressive LV dysfunction, mean CO decreased from 5.6±0.9 L/min to 2.1±0.9 L/min, and mean SvO2 deteriorated from 61.1±7.9% to 35.3±6.1%. Mean LS and LV outflow tract velocity time integral (LVOT VTI) declined from -13.8±3.0% to -6.1±2.0% and 16.9±2.6 cm to 7.8±1.8 cm, respectively. LS and LVOT VTI showed the strongest correlation to stroke work in unadjusted linear regression (r2=0.53 and r2=0.49, respectively). LS correlated significantly with stroke volume, end-systolic elastance, systolic blood pressure, ventriculo-arterial coupling and arterial elastance.
CONCLUSIONS: In an animal model of acute progressive LV dysfunction, echocardiographic and conductance catheter-based measurements changed significantly. LS and LVOT VTI displayed the earliest and the largest alterations with increased myocardial damage and both correlated strongest with stroke work.
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to describe the association between LS and Doppler-based echocardiography and direct measurements of central haemodynamic parameters from conductance catheter-based pressure-volume loops in an animal model with increasing left ventricular (LV) dysfunction.
METHODS: 12 Danish landrace female pigs (75-80 kg) were used. All instrumentations were performed percutaneously, including the conductance catheter in the LV. Progressive LV dysfunction was induced by embolisation through the left main coronary artery with microspheres every 3 min until a >50% reduction in cardiac output (CO) or mixed venous saturation (SvO2), compared with baseline, or SvO2 <30%. Echocardiography was performed at baseline and 90 s after each injection.
RESULTS: With progressive LV dysfunction, mean CO decreased from 5.6±0.9 L/min to 2.1±0.9 L/min, and mean SvO2 deteriorated from 61.1±7.9% to 35.3±6.1%. Mean LS and LV outflow tract velocity time integral (LVOT VTI) declined from -13.8±3.0% to -6.1±2.0% and 16.9±2.6 cm to 7.8±1.8 cm, respectively. LS and LVOT VTI showed the strongest correlation to stroke work in unadjusted linear regression (r2=0.53 and r2=0.49, respectively). LS correlated significantly with stroke volume, end-systolic elastance, systolic blood pressure, ventriculo-arterial coupling and arterial elastance.
CONCLUSIONS: In an animal model of acute progressive LV dysfunction, echocardiographic and conductance catheter-based measurements changed significantly. LS and LVOT VTI displayed the earliest and the largest alterations with increased myocardial damage and both correlated strongest with stroke work.
摘要：
背景：散斑追踪评估的整体纵向应变（GLS）与基于多普勒的超声心动图与来自压力-容量环的心脏功能的基本生理标志物之间的关系尚不清楚。
目的：我们旨在描述LS和基于多普勒的超声心动图与基于电导导管的压力-容量环的中心血流动力学参数的直接测量在增加左心室（LV）功能障碍的动物模型中的相关性。
方法:使用12只丹麦地方猪雌性(75-80kg)。所有仪器都是经皮进行的，包括左心室中的电导导管。每3分钟使用微球通过左主冠状动脉栓塞，直至心输出量（CO）或混合静脉饱和度（SvO2）减少>50％，引起进行性左心室功能障碍。与基线相比，或SvO2<30%。在基线和每次注射后90s进行超声心动图检查。
结果：进行性左心室功能障碍，平均CO从5.6±0.9L/min降至2.1±0.9L/min，平均SvO2从61.1±7.9％下降到35.3±6.1％。平均LS和LV流出道速度时间积分(LVOTVTI)从-13.8±3.0%下降到-6.1±2.0%和16.9±2.6cm下降到7.8±1.8cm,分别。在未调整的线性回归中，LS和LVOTVTI与卒中功的相关性最强（分别为r2=0.53和r2=0.49）。LS与每搏输出量显著相关，收缩末期弹性,收缩压,脑室动脉耦合和动脉弹性。
结论：在急性进行性左心室功能障碍的动物模型中，基于超声心动图和电导导管的测量结果发生了显着变化。LS和LVOTVTI显示出最早和最大的改变，心肌损伤增加，并且与中风功的相关性最强。
目的：我们旨在描述LS和基于多普勒的超声心动图与基于电导导管的压力-容量环的中心血流动力学参数的直接测量在增加左心室（LV）功能障碍的动物模型中的相关性。
方法:使用12只丹麦地方猪雌性(75-80kg)。所有仪器都是经皮进行的，包括左心室中的电导导管。每3分钟使用微球通过左主冠状动脉栓塞，直至心输出量（CO）或混合静脉饱和度（SvO2）减少>50％，引起进行性左心室功能障碍。与基线相比，或SvO2<30%。在基线和每次注射后90s进行超声心动图检查。
结果：进行性左心室功能障碍，平均CO从5.6±0.9L/min降至2.1±0.9L/min，平均SvO2从61.1±7.9％下降到35.3±6.1％。平均LS和LV流出道速度时间积分(LVOTVTI)从-13.8±3.0%下降到-6.1±2.0%和16.9±2.6cm下降到7.8±1.8cm,分别。在未调整的线性回归中，LS和LVOTVTI与卒中功的相关性最强（分别为r2=0.53和r2=0.49）。LS与每搏输出量显著相关，收缩末期弹性,收缩压,脑室动脉耦合和动脉弹性。
结论：在急性进行性左心室功能障碍的动物模型中，基于超声心动图和电导导管的测量结果发生了显着变化。LS和LVOTVTI显示出最早和最大的改变，心肌损伤增加，并且与中风功的相关性最强。
