Abstract：
Micronutrients (MN), i.e. trace elements and vitamins, are essential components of the diet in relatively small amounts in any form of nutrition, with special needs in critically ill patients. Critical illness is characterised by the presence of inflammation and oxidative stress. MNs are tightly involved in antioxidant and immune defences. In addition, some conditions, and treatments result in large losses of biological fluids containing MNs: therefore, acute renal injury requiring renal replacement therapy, acute intestinal failure, and major burns and trauma are at high risk of acute depletion of body stores, and of deficiency. MN requirements are increased above standard DRI. Blood level interpretation is complicated by inflammation: some biomarkers assist the status determination. Due to the acute challenges of critical illness, it of utmost importance to cover the needs to maintain the organism\'s endogenous immune and antioxidant defences, and capacity to repair tissues. Practical strategies are proposed.
摘要：
微量营养素（MN），即微量元素和维生素，在任何形式的营养中都是饮食中相对少量的必需成分，危重病人的特殊需求。危重病的特征是存在炎症和氧化应激。MNs紧密参与抗氧化剂和免疫防御。此外,一些条件,和处理导致含有MNs的生物流体大量损失：因此，需要肾脏替代疗法的急性肾损伤，急性肠衰竭,严重的烧伤和创伤是身体储存急性耗尽的高风险，和缺乏。MN要求增加到标准DRI之上。血液水平解释因炎症而变得复杂:一些生物标志物有助于状态确定。由于危重疾病的严峻挑战，它的最重要的是覆盖需要维持生物体的内源性免疫和抗氧化防御，和修复组织的能力。提出了切实可行的策略。
