Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Due to aging populations the incidence of aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is increasing steeply. Since no medical therapy is available but only surgical interventions, it is highly warranted to identify modifiable risk factors for early prevention. The aim of the study was to investigate the associations of cardiovascular risk factors with AVS and to create 10-year absolute risk scores for use in primary prevention.
METHODS: In the Copenhagen General Population Study (N=93,979) lifestyle data, biochemical measures, and confounders were assessed at baseline. Risk factors with the strongest association with aortic valve stenosis from Cox regression analyses were included in ten-year risk prediction models. Ten-year absolute risk scores were conducted using the method of Fine-Gray proportional sub-hazards models, accounting for competing events.
RESULTS: 1,132 individuals developed AVS during follow-up. Of well-known cardiovascular risk factors, those that associated with AVS included increasing levels of remnant cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoprotein(a), systolic blood pressure, and body mass index, low adherence to Danish dietary guidelines, current smoking, high alcohol consumption, lipid-lowering therapy and diabetes mellitus. Ten-year absolute risk scores increased when compiling the most important risk factors for AVS; age, sex, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, lipoprotein(a), and diabetes. Ten-year absolute risk increased from <1% to 19%.
CONCLUSIONS: The presence of cardiovascular risk factors is associated with AVS, supporting that this disease, at least partly, may be modifiable through lifestyle changes. Risk charts combining cardiovascular risk factors have the potential to identify high-risk individuals, offering opportunities for preventive strategies. (Word count 245).
This study investigates the impact of common cardiovascular risk factors on aortic valve stenosis (AVS) and introduces a risk score to predict the likelihood of developing AVS within ten years. We identified strong links between AVS and several risk factors, including lipid traits, high blood pressure, obesity, smoking, increased alcohol intake, low adherence to dietary guidelines, and diabetes. A ten-year risk score combining age, sex, body mass index, blood pressure, the lipid trait lipoprotein(a), and diabetes estimates an individual\'s future risk of AVS, which can range from 1% to 19%. Such risk scores enable identification of individuals at highest risk, where early prevention is most effective.
METHODS: In the Copenhagen General Population Study (N=93,979) lifestyle data, biochemical measures, and confounders were assessed at baseline. Risk factors with the strongest association with aortic valve stenosis from Cox regression analyses were included in ten-year risk prediction models. Ten-year absolute risk scores were conducted using the method of Fine-Gray proportional sub-hazards models, accounting for competing events.
RESULTS: 1,132 individuals developed AVS during follow-up. Of well-known cardiovascular risk factors, those that associated with AVS included increasing levels of remnant cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoprotein(a), systolic blood pressure, and body mass index, low adherence to Danish dietary guidelines, current smoking, high alcohol consumption, lipid-lowering therapy and diabetes mellitus. Ten-year absolute risk scores increased when compiling the most important risk factors for AVS; age, sex, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, lipoprotein(a), and diabetes. Ten-year absolute risk increased from <1% to 19%.
CONCLUSIONS: The presence of cardiovascular risk factors is associated with AVS, supporting that this disease, at least partly, may be modifiable through lifestyle changes. Risk charts combining cardiovascular risk factors have the potential to identify high-risk individuals, offering opportunities for preventive strategies. (Word count 245).
This study investigates the impact of common cardiovascular risk factors on aortic valve stenosis (AVS) and introduces a risk score to predict the likelihood of developing AVS within ten years. We identified strong links between AVS and several risk factors, including lipid traits, high blood pressure, obesity, smoking, increased alcohol intake, low adherence to dietary guidelines, and diabetes. A ten-year risk score combining age, sex, body mass index, blood pressure, the lipid trait lipoprotein(a), and diabetes estimates an individual\'s future risk of AVS, which can range from 1% to 19%. Such risk scores enable identification of individuals at highest risk, where early prevention is most effective.
摘要：
目的：由于人口老龄化，主动脉瓣狭窄（AVS）的发生率急剧增加。由于没有药物治疗，只有手术干预，非常有必要确定可改变的风险因素以进行早期预防。该研究的目的是调查心血管危险因素与AVS的关系，并创建10年绝对风险评分用于一级预防。
方法：在哥本哈根一般人口研究（N=93,979）生活方式数据中，生化措施，在基线时评估混杂因素.根据Cox回归分析，与主动脉瓣狭窄相关性最强的危险因素被纳入十年风险预测模型。采用Fine-Gray比例子风险模型的方法进行十年绝对风险评分,负责竞争事件。
结果：1,132名个体在随访期间发生AVS。在众所周知的心血管危险因素中，那些与AVS相关的包括增加残余胆固醇水平，甘油三酯，脂蛋白（a），收缩压,和身体质量指数,对丹麦饮食指南的依从性低，目前吸烟,高酒精消费,降脂治疗和糖尿病。编制AVS最重要的风险因素时，十年绝对风险评分增加；年龄，性别,身体质量指数,收缩压,脂蛋白（a），和糖尿病。十年绝对风险从<1%增加到19%。
结论：心血管危险因素的存在与AVS相关，支持这种疾病，至少部分地,可以通过改变生活方式来改变。结合心血管危险因素的风险图表有可能识别高风险个体，为预防策略提供机会。（字数245）。
这项研究调查了常见的心血管危险因素对主动脉瓣狭窄（AVS）的影响，并引入了风险评分来预测十年内发生AVS的可能性。我们确定了AVS和几个风险因素之间的紧密联系，包括脂质性状，高血压,肥胖，吸烟,酒精摄入量增加，对饮食指南的依从性低，和糖尿病。结合年龄的十年风险评分，性别,身体质量指数,血压,脂质性状脂蛋白（a），糖尿病估计一个人未来患AVS的风险，范围从1%到19%。这样的风险评分能够识别风险最高的个人，早期预防最有效。
方法：在哥本哈根一般人口研究（N=93,979）生活方式数据中，生化措施，在基线时评估混杂因素.根据Cox回归分析，与主动脉瓣狭窄相关性最强的危险因素被纳入十年风险预测模型。采用Fine-Gray比例子风险模型的方法进行十年绝对风险评分,负责竞争事件。
结果：1,132名个体在随访期间发生AVS。在众所周知的心血管危险因素中，那些与AVS相关的包括增加残余胆固醇水平，甘油三酯，脂蛋白（a），收缩压,和身体质量指数,对丹麦饮食指南的依从性低，目前吸烟,高酒精消费,降脂治疗和糖尿病。编制AVS最重要的风险因素时，十年绝对风险评分增加；年龄，性别,身体质量指数,收缩压,脂蛋白（a），和糖尿病。十年绝对风险从<1%增加到19%。
结论：心血管危险因素的存在与AVS相关，支持这种疾病，至少部分地,可以通过改变生活方式来改变。结合心血管危险因素的风险图表有可能识别高风险个体，为预防策略提供机会。（字数245）。
这项研究调查了常见的心血管危险因素对主动脉瓣狭窄（AVS）的影响，并引入了风险评分来预测十年内发生AVS的可能性。我们确定了AVS和几个风险因素之间的紧密联系，包括脂质性状，高血压,肥胖，吸烟,酒精摄入量增加，对饮食指南的依从性低，和糖尿病。结合年龄的十年风险评分，性别,身体质量指数,血压,脂质性状脂蛋白（a），糖尿病估计一个人未来患AVS的风险，范围从1%到19%。这样的风险评分能够识别风险最高的个人，早期预防最有效。
