Abstract：
Microplastics (MPs) are concerning emerging pollutants. Here, MPs in four edible aquatic species of different trophic levels (between ∼2 and 4), including fish species Esox lucius (Esocidae: Esocinae); Cyprinus carpio (Cyprinidae: Cyprininae); and Luciobarbus caspius (Cyprinidae: Barbinae); and the swan mussel Anodonta cygnea (Unionidae), were assessed in the Anzali freshwater ecosystem. It is a listed wetland in the Montreux record. MPs were extracted from gastrointestinal tracts (GI), gills, muscles, and skin. All the studied fish and mussels (n = 33) had MPs. MP fibres, fragments and sheets were detected in every GI examined, however, fibres were the only type of MPs in skins, muscles and gills and were the most abundant MP. The MPs found in the fish and mussels were mainly made of nylon (35% of the total MPs), polypropylene-low density polyethylene (30%), and polycarbonate (25%). The average numbers of MPs found in every fish specimen, expressed per wet body mass, had a moderate negative correlation with the condition factor (K) (MP/g - K: Pearson correlation r = -0.413, p = 0.049), and there was no significant relation with the growth factor (b) (r = -0.376; p = 0.068). Importantly, Luciobarbus caspius (with trophic level 2.7-2.8) bioaccumulated MPs and presented a strong correlation between their MP contamination and age (r = 0.916 p < 0.05). Greater gill mass (or related factors) played an important role in the accumulation of MPs, and there was a strong correlation between these factors for Esox lucius and Cyprinus carpio (r = 0.876; r = 0.846; p < 0.05 respectively). The highest MP/g gills (1.91 ± 2.65) were in the filter feeder Anodonta cygnea inhabiting the benthic zone. Esox lucius (piscivorous, trophic level 4.1) was the most contaminated species overall (a total of 83 MPs in 8 individuals, with 0.92 MP/g fish), and their gills where MPs mainly accumulated. Cyprinus carpio was the most contaminated specimen (MPs in specimens), while the number of MPs per mass unit increased with the trophic level. Their feeding and ecological behavior in the aquatic habitat affected the level of accumulation. This work includes evidence of translocation of MPs within the aquatic organisms.
摘要：
微塑料（MPs）与新兴污染物有关。这里,四种不同营养水平的可食用水生物种中的MPs(在2-4之间)，包括鱼类Esoxlucius（Esocidae：Esocinae）；鲤鱼（Cyprinidae：Cyprininae）；和Luciobarbuscaspius（Cyprinidae：Barbinae）；和天鹅贻贝Anodontacygnea（Unionidae），在Anzali淡水生态系统中进行了评估。这是蒙特勒记录中列出的湿地。MPs从胃肠道(GI)中提取，ill,肌肉,和皮肤。所有研究的鱼和贻贝（n=33）都有MP。MP纤维,在每个检查的GI中都检测到碎片和床单，然而,纤维是皮肤中唯一的国会议员，肌肉和ill是最丰富的MP。在鱼类和贻贝中发现的MP主要由尼龙制成（占MP总数的35％），聚丙烯-低密度聚乙烯(30%),和聚碳酸酯（25%）。在每个鱼标本中发现的国会议员的平均数量，表示为每湿体重，与条件因子（K）呈中度负相关（MP/g-K：皮尔逊相关r=-0.413，p=0.049），与生长因子（b）没有显着关系（r=-0.376；p=0.068）。重要的是,Luciobarbuscaspius（营养级2.7-2.8）生物积累了MPs，其MP污染与年龄之间存在很强的相关性（r=0.916p<0.05）。较大的g质量（或相关因素）在MP的积累中起着重要作用，Esoxlucius和Ceprinuscarpio的这些因素之间存在很强的相关性（r=0.876；r=0.846；p<0.05）。最高的MP/gg（1.91±2.65）位于底栖区的滤嘴喂食器Anodontacygnea中。埃索克斯·卢修斯(食肉，营养级4.1)是总体上污染最严重的物种(8个个体中共有83个MPs，0.92MPs/g鱼)，以及国会议员主要积累的g。鲤鱼是污染最严重的标本（标本中的MPs），而每质量单位的MP数量随着营养水平的增加而增加。它们在水生生境中的摄食和生态行为影响了积累水平。这项工作包括MPs在水生生物中易位的证据。
