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Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate dry eye disease (DED) symptomatology and mental health status in different COVID-19 patients.
METHODS: A cross-sectional observational design was used. Totally 123 eligible adults (46.34% of men, age range, 18-59y) with COVID-19 included in the study from August to November, 2022. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Five-item Dry Eye Questionnaire (DEQ-5), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used in this study.
RESULTS: OSDI scores were 6.82 (1.25, 15.91) in asymptomatic carriers, 7.35 (2.50, 18.38) in mild cases, and 16.67 (4.43, 28.04) in recurrent cases, with 30.00%, 35.56%, and 57.89%, respectively evaluated as having DED symptoms (χ2=7.049, P=0.029). DEQ-5 score varied from 2.00 (0, 6.00) in asymptomatic carriers, 3.00 (0, 8.00) in mild cases, and 8.00 (5.00, 10.00) in recurrent cases, with 27.50%, 33.33%, and 55.26%, respectively assessed as having DED symptoms (χ2=8.532, P=0.014). The prevalence of clinical anxiety (50.00%) and depression (47.37%) symptoms were also significantly higher in patients with recurrent infection (χ2=24.541, P<0.001; χ2=30.871, P<0.001). Recurrent infection was a risk factor for high OSDI scores [odds ratio, 2.562; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.631-7.979; P=0.033] and DEQ-5 scores (odds ratio, 3.353; 95%CI, 1.038-8.834; P=0.043), whereas having a fixed occupation was a protective factor for OSDI scores (odds ratio, 0.088; 95%CI, 0.022-0.360; P=0.001) and DEQ-5 scores (odds ratio, 0.126; 95%CI, 0.039-0.405; P=0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with recurrent COVID-19 have more severe symptoms of DED, anxiety, and depression.
METHODS: A cross-sectional observational design was used. Totally 123 eligible adults (46.34% of men, age range, 18-59y) with COVID-19 included in the study from August to November, 2022. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Five-item Dry Eye Questionnaire (DEQ-5), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used in this study.
RESULTS: OSDI scores were 6.82 (1.25, 15.91) in asymptomatic carriers, 7.35 (2.50, 18.38) in mild cases, and 16.67 (4.43, 28.04) in recurrent cases, with 30.00%, 35.56%, and 57.89%, respectively evaluated as having DED symptoms (χ2=7.049, P=0.029). DEQ-5 score varied from 2.00 (0, 6.00) in asymptomatic carriers, 3.00 (0, 8.00) in mild cases, and 8.00 (5.00, 10.00) in recurrent cases, with 27.50%, 33.33%, and 55.26%, respectively assessed as having DED symptoms (χ2=8.532, P=0.014). The prevalence of clinical anxiety (50.00%) and depression (47.37%) symptoms were also significantly higher in patients with recurrent infection (χ2=24.541, P<0.001; χ2=30.871, P<0.001). Recurrent infection was a risk factor for high OSDI scores [odds ratio, 2.562; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.631-7.979; P=0.033] and DEQ-5 scores (odds ratio, 3.353; 95%CI, 1.038-8.834; P=0.043), whereas having a fixed occupation was a protective factor for OSDI scores (odds ratio, 0.088; 95%CI, 0.022-0.360; P=0.001) and DEQ-5 scores (odds ratio, 0.126; 95%CI, 0.039-0.405; P=0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with recurrent COVID-19 have more severe symptoms of DED, anxiety, and depression.
摘要：
目的：评估不同COVID-19患者的干眼病（DED）症状和心理健康状况。
方法：采用横断面观察设计。共有123名符合条件的成年人（占男性的46.34％，年龄范围,18-59y），8月至11月将COVID-19纳入研究，2022年。眼表疾病指数（OSDI），五项干眼症问卷(DEQ-5)，医院焦虑和抑郁量表（HADS），和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）用于本研究。
结果：无症状携带者的OSDI评分为6.82（1.25，15.91），轻度病例为7.35（2.50，18.38），复发病例为16.67（4.43，28.04），30.00%,35.56%,57.89%，分别评价为有DED症状(χ2=7.049,P=0.029)。DEQ-5评分在无症状携带者中从2.00（0，6.00）变化，3.00（0，8.00）在轻度病例，复发病例为8.00（5.00，10.00），27.50%,33.33%,55.26%,分别评估为有DED症状(χ2=8.532,P=0.014)。反复感染患者的临床焦虑(50.00%)和抑郁(47.37%)发生率也明显高于反复感染患者(χ2=24.541,P<0.001;χ2=30.871,P<0.001)。反复感染是OSDI得分高的危险因素[优势比，2.562；95%置信区间(CI)，1.631-7.979；P=0.033]和DEQ-5得分(赔率比，3.353；95CI，1.038-8.834；P=0.043），而固定职业是OSDI得分的保护因素(赔率比，0.088；95CI，0.022-0.360；P=0.001）和DEQ-5得分（赔率比，0.126；95CI，0.039-0.405；P=0.001）。
结论：复发的COVID-19患者有更严重的DED症状，焦虑,和抑郁症。
方法：采用横断面观察设计。共有123名符合条件的成年人（占男性的46.34％，年龄范围,18-59y），8月至11月将COVID-19纳入研究，2022年。眼表疾病指数（OSDI），五项干眼症问卷(DEQ-5)，医院焦虑和抑郁量表（HADS），和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）用于本研究。
结果：无症状携带者的OSDI评分为6.82（1.25，15.91），轻度病例为7.35（2.50，18.38），复发病例为16.67（4.43，28.04），30.00%,35.56%,57.89%，分别评价为有DED症状(χ2=7.049,P=0.029)。DEQ-5评分在无症状携带者中从2.00（0，6.00）变化，3.00（0，8.00）在轻度病例，复发病例为8.00（5.00，10.00），27.50%,33.33%,55.26%,分别评估为有DED症状(χ2=8.532,P=0.014)。反复感染患者的临床焦虑(50.00%)和抑郁(47.37%)发生率也明显高于反复感染患者(χ2=24.541,P<0.001;χ2=30.871,P<0.001)。反复感染是OSDI得分高的危险因素[优势比，2.562；95%置信区间(CI)，1.631-7.979；P=0.033]和DEQ-5得分(赔率比，3.353；95CI，1.038-8.834；P=0.043），而固定职业是OSDI得分的保护因素(赔率比，0.088；95CI，0.022-0.360；P=0.001）和DEQ-5得分（赔率比，0.126；95CI，0.039-0.405；P=0.001）。
结论：复发的COVID-19患者有更严重的DED症状，焦虑,和抑郁症。
