Abstract：
There is no consensus on the definition of sleep hygiene and its components. We examined the definition of sleep hygiene based on its use in published studies. Four databases (Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL) were searched from inception until December 31, 2021 for the phrase \'sleep hygiene\' in the title or abstract. We identified 548 relevant studies in adults: 250 observational and 298 intervention studies. A definition of sleep hygiene was provided in only 44% of studies and converged on three themes: behavioural factors, environmental factors, and an aspect of control. Sleep hygiene components were explicitly defined in up to 70% of observational studies, but in only 35% of intervention studies. The most commonly considered components of sleep hygiene were caffeine (in 51% of studies), alcohol (46%), exercise (46%), sleep timing (45%), light (42%), napping (39%), smoking (38%), noise (37%), temperature (34%), wind-down routine (33%), stress (32%), and stimulus control (32%), although the specific details of each component varied. Lack of consistency in definitions of sleep hygiene and its components may hinder communication between researchers, clinicians, and the public, and likely limits the utility of sleep hygiene as an intervention.
摘要：
关于睡眠卫生及其组成部分的定义尚无共识。我们根据已发表的研究中使用的睡眠卫生的定义进行了检查。四个数据库(Medline，EMBASE,PsycINFO和CINAHL）从开始到2021年12月31日在标题或摘要中搜索短语“睡眠卫生”。我们确定了548项成人相关研究：250项观察性研究和298项干预性研究。只有44％的研究提供了睡眠卫生的定义，并集中在三个主题：行为因素，环境因素,和控制的一个方面。在多达70%的观察性研究中明确定义了睡眠卫生成分，但只有35%的干预研究。睡眠卫生最常考虑的组成部分是咖啡因（在51％的研究中），酒精（46%），锻炼(46%)，睡眠时间（45％），光（42%），午睡(39%)，吸烟（38%），噪音（37%），温度（34%），降温常规(33%)，应力（32%），和刺激控制(32%)，尽管每个组件的具体细节各不相同。睡眠卫生及其组成部分的定义缺乏一致性可能会阻碍研究人员之间的交流。临床医生,和公众，并可能限制了睡眠卫生作为干预措施的效用。
