Abstract：
Products used in daily life can contain chemicals such as parabens, benzophenones, triclosan, and triclocarban that have potential endocrine-disrupting effects. Little is known about the temporal trends of exposure levels to some of these chemicals in Japan. Our study assessed the intake and risk associated with exposure to commonly used chemicals. We measured the concentrations of five parabens, four benzophenones, and triclosan and triclocarban in 133 single spot urine samples. The urine samples were collected in 1993, 2000, 2003, 2009, 2011, and 2016 from healthy female residents in Kyoto, Japan. With the exception of methylparaben, ethylparaben, and butylparaben, there were no significant fluctuations in the concentrations of target chemicals over the study period; however, methylparaben, ethylparaben, and butylparaben showed temporal changes in concentrations. Methylparaben concentrations peaked in 2003 with a median value of 309 μg/g creatinine, ethylparaben concentrations peaked in 1993 with a median value of 17.3 μg/g creatinine, and butylparaben showed a decline, with the median values becoming non-detectable in 2009 and 2016. We calculated estimated daily intakes and hazard quotients for each chemical. In the analysis of total samples, 2.3% (3 samples) for butylparaben and 0.8% (1 sample) for propylparaben were found to surpass a hazard quotient of 1. Overall, 3% (n = 4) of the study participants exceeded a hazard index of 1. The potential health risks associated with exposure to butylparaben and propylparaben emphasize the need for further monitoring and research.
摘要：
日常生活中使用的产品可能含有对羟基苯甲酸酯等化学物质，二苯甲酮,三氯生,和具有潜在内分泌干扰作用的三氯卡班。在日本，对其中一些化学物质的暴露水平的时间趋势知之甚少。我们的研究评估了与接触常用化学品相关的摄入量和风险。我们测量了五种对羟基苯甲酸酯的浓度，四种二苯甲酮,和三氯生和三氯卡班在133个单一的点尿样。1993年，2000年，2003年，2009年，2011年和2016年从京都的健康女性居民中收集尿液样本，日本。除了对羟基苯甲酸甲酯,对羟基苯甲酸乙酯,和对羟基苯甲酸丁酯，在研究期间，目标化学物质的浓度没有显著波动；然而，对羟基苯甲酸甲酯,对羟基苯甲酸乙酯,和对羟基苯甲酸丁酯显示浓度的时间变化。对羟基苯甲酸甲酯浓度在2003年达到峰值，中位数为309μg/g肌酐，对羟基苯甲酸乙酯浓度在1993年达到峰值，中位数为17.3μg/g肌酐，对羟基苯甲酸丁酯显示下降，中值在2009年和2016年变得不可检测。我们计算了每种化学品的估计每日摄入量和危害商。在总样本分析中，发现对羟基苯甲酸丁酯的2.3％（3个样品）和对羟基苯甲酸丙酯的0.8％（1个样品）超过1的风险商。总的来说,3％（n=4）的研究参与者超过1的危险指数。与暴露于对羟基苯甲酸丁酯和对羟基苯甲酸丙酯相关的潜在健康风险强调需要进一步监测和研究。
