PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Leukemia is the most common cancer in children. Its incidence has been increasing worldwide since 1910th, suggesting the presence of common sources of the disease, most likely related to people\'s lifestyle and environment. Understanding the relationship between childhood leukemia and environmental conditions is critical to preventing the disease. This discussion article examines established potentially-carcinogenic environmental factors, such as vehicle emissions and fires, alongside space weather-related parameters like cosmic rays and the geomagnetic field. To discern the primary contributor, we analyze trends and annual variations in leukemia incidence among 0-14-year-olds in the United States, Canada, Australia, and Russia from 1990 to 2018. Comparisons are drawn with the number of vehicles (representing gasoline emissions) and fire-affected land areas (indicative of fire-related pollutants), with novel data for Russia introduced for the first time. While childhood leukemia incidence is rising in all countries under study, the rate of increase in Russia is twice that of other nations, possibly due to a delayed surge in the country\'s vehicle fleet compared to others. This trend in Russia may offer insights into past leukemia levels in the USA, Canada, and Australia. Our findings highlight vehicular emissions as the most substantial environmental hazard for children among the factors examined. We also advocate for the consideration of potential modulation of carcinogenic effects arising from variations in cosmic ray intensity, as well as the protective role of the geomagnetic field. To support the idea, we provide examples of potential space weather effects at both local and global scales. The additional analysis includes statistical data from 49 countries and underscores the significance of the magnetic field dip in the South Atlantic Anomaly in contributing to a peak in childhood leukemia incidence in Peru, Ecuador and Chile. We emphasize the importance of collectively assessing all potentially carcinogenic factors for the successful future predictions of childhood leukemia risk in each country.
摘要：
白血病是儿童中最常见的癌症。自1910年以来，其发病率在世界范围内一直在增加，表明存在这种疾病的常见来源，最有可能与人们的生活方式和环境有关。了解儿童白血病与环境条件之间的关系对于预防该疾病至关重要。这篇讨论文章研究了既定的潜在致癌环境因素，例如车辆排放和火灾，与宇宙射线和地磁场等空间天气相关的参数。为了辨别主要贡献者，我们分析了美国0-14岁儿童白血病发病率的趋势和年度变化，加拿大,澳大利亚,俄罗斯从1990年到2018年。与车辆数量（代表汽油排放量）和受火灾影响的土地面积（指示与火灾有关的污染物）进行比较，首次引入了俄罗斯的新数据。虽然所有研究国家的儿童白血病发病率都在上升，俄罗斯的增长率是其他国家的两倍，可能是由于与其他国家相比，该国的车队延迟激增。俄罗斯的这一趋势可能会提供对美国过去白血病水平的见解，加拿大,和澳大利亚。我们的发现强调，在所检查的因素中，车辆排放是对儿童最严重的环境危害。我们还提倡考虑宇宙射线强度变化引起的致癌效应的潜在调制，以及地磁场的保护作用。为了支持这个想法，我们提供了本地和全球范围内潜在空间天气影响的示例。额外的分析包括来自49个国家的统计数据，并强调了南大西洋异常磁场下降对秘鲁儿童白血病发病率高峰的重要性，厄瓜多尔和智利。我们强调集体评估所有潜在致癌因素对于成功预测每个国家儿童白血病风险的重要性。
