PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
In 2023, 14 Member States were affected by African swine fever (ASF), including Croatia and Sweden where ASF emerged (wild boar outbreaks only) and Greece where ASF re-emerged after being free since 2021. The number of ASF outbreaks among domestic pigs in the EU was five times higher than in 2022, reaching a similar magnitude to that in 2019. This was predominantly driven by the introduction and subsequent spread of ASF in Croatia and its resurgence in Romania, representing 96% of the EU outbreaks. ASF outbreaks in domestic pigs were clearly seasonal in all countries, with 88% of outbreaks reported between July and October. Most of the ASF outbreaks among domestic pigs were detected through clinical suspicion (94%), followed by tracing from affected establishments (3%), and the weekly testing of at least two dead pigs in establishments (3%). In wild boar, a 10% increase in the number of notified outbreaks was observed in the EU in comparison with 2022, with considerable variations between countries. A winter peak was observed only in Poland, Slovakia and Hungary. The epidemiological situation in wild boar improved in Germany and Hungary, as suggested by the decrease in the number of outbreaks and in the proportions of PCR-positive samples from dead wild boar. Overall, 31% of wild boar carcasses found during passive surveillance tested positive by PCR, representing 69% of the ASF outbreaks in wild boar in the EU. In contrast, 0.4% of hunted wild boar tested positive, representing 31% of the outbreaks. Despite the introduction of ASF into new countries and the increase in the number of outbreaks, the size of restricted zones in the EU remained stable, due to the highly clustered outbreaks in Croatia, and the reduction of restricted zones in Poland, Slovakia and Bulgaria (in domestic pigs), and Hungary (in wild boar).
摘要：
2023年，有14个成员国受到非洲猪瘟（ASF）的影响。包括出现ASF的克罗地亚和瑞典（仅野猪爆发），以及自2021年以来ASF重新出现的希腊。欧盟家猪ASF疫情比2022年增加5倍，达到与2019年类似的幅度。这主要是由于ASF在克罗地亚的引入和随后的传播以及在罗马尼亚的复兴所推动的，占欧盟疫情的96%。在所有国家，家猪中的ASF疫情显然都是季节性的，88%的疫情在7月至10月期间报告。大多数家猪中的ASF暴发是通过临床怀疑（94％）发现的，其次是从受影响的机构追查(3%)，以及每周对机构内至少两只死猪进行测试(3%)。在野猪中，与2022年相比,欧盟通报的疫情数量增加了10%,各国之间差异很大.仅在波兰观察到冬季高峰，斯洛伐克和匈牙利。德国和匈牙利野猪的流行病学状况有所改善，疫情数量和死野猪PCR阳性样本比例的减少表明了这一点。总的来说,被动监测中发现31%的野猪尸体经PCR检测呈阳性,代表欧盟野猪ASF爆发的69%。相比之下,0.4%的被猎杀野猪检测呈阳性,占疫情的31%。尽管在新的国家引入了ASF，并且爆发次数增加，欧盟的禁区规模保持稳定，由于克罗地亚的疫情高度聚集，以及波兰限制区的减少，斯洛伐克和保加利亚（家猪），和匈牙利（野猪）。
