Abstract：
Neospora caninum is an apicomplexan and obligatory intracellular parasite, which is the leading cause of reproductive failure in cattle and affects other farm and domestic animals, but also induces neuromuscular disease in dogs of all ages. In cattle, neosporosis is an important health problem, and has a considerable economic impact. To date there is no protective vaccine or chemotherapeutic treatment on the market. Immuno-prophylaxis has long been considered as the best control measure. Proteins involved in host cell interaction and invasion, as well as antigens mediating inflammatory responses have been the most frequently assessed vaccine targets. However, despite considerable efforts no effective vaccine has been introduced to the market to date. The development of effective compounds to limit the effects of vertical transmission of N. caninum tachyzoites has emerged as an alternative or addition to vaccination, provided suitable targets and safe and efficacious drugs can be identified. Additionally, the combination of both treatment strategies might be interesting to further increase protectivity against N. caninum infections and to decrease the duration of treatment and the risk of potential drug resistance. Well-established and standardized animal infection models are key factors for the evaluation of promising vaccine and compound candidates. The vast majority of experimental animal experiments concerning neosporosis have been performed in mice, although in recent years the numbers of experimental studies in cattle and sheep have increased. In this review, we discuss the recent findings concerning the progress in drug and vaccine development against N. caninum infections in mice and ruminants.
摘要：
犬新孢子虫是一种尖丛和强制性细胞内寄生虫，这是导致牛繁殖失败的主要原因，并影响其他农场和家畜，但也会在所有年龄的狗中诱发神经肌肉疾病。在牛身上,新孢子虫病是一个重要的健康问题，并具有相当大的经济影响。迄今为止,市场上还没有保护性疫苗或化疗治疗。长期以来，免疫预防一直被认为是最佳的控制措施。参与宿主细胞相互作用和侵袭的蛋白质，以及介导炎症反应的抗原一直是最经常评估的疫苗靶标.然而,尽管付出了巨大的努力，但迄今为止尚未将有效的疫苗推向市场。作为疫苗接种的替代或补充，开发了有效的化合物来限制奈瑟氏菌速殖子的垂直传播的影响。提供合适的靶标和安全有效的药物可以被识别。此外,两种治疗策略的联合应用可能有助于进一步提高对犬奈瑟菌感染的保护作用,并减少治疗持续时间和潜在耐药风险.建立完善和标准化的动物感染模型是评估有前途的疫苗和化合物候选物的关键因素。绝大多数关于新孢子虫病的实验动物实验都是在小鼠身上进行的，尽管近年来对牛和羊的实验研究数量有所增加。在这次审查中,我们讨论了最近关于在小鼠和反刍动物中抗犬奈瑟菌感染的药物和疫苗开发方面的进展。
