Abstract：
The taxonomic and metabolic diversity of prokaryotes and their adaptability to extreme environmental parameters have allowed extremophiles to find their optimal living conditions under extreme conditions for one or more environmental parameters. Natural habitats abundant in extremophilic microorganisms are relatively rare in Hungary. Nevertheless, alkaliphiles and halophiles can flourish in shallow alkaline lakes (soda pans) and saline (solonetz) soils, where extreme weather conditions favor the development of unique bacterial communities. In addition, the hot springs and thermal wells that supply spas and thermal baths and provide water for energy use are suitable colonization sites for thermophiles and hyperthermophiles. Polyextremophiles, adapted to multiple extreme circumstances, can be found in the aphotic, nutrient-poor and radioactive hypogenic caves of the Buda Thermal Karst, among others. The present article reviews the organization, taxonomic composition, and potential role of different extremophilic bacterial communities in local biogeochemical cycles, based on the most recent studies on extremophiles in Hungary.
摘要：
原核生物的分类和代谢多样性及其对极端环境参数的适应性使极端微生物能够在一种或多种环境参数的极端条件下找到其最佳生活条件。在匈牙利，极端微生物丰富的自然栖息地相对罕见。然而，碱性和嗜盐菌可以在浅碱性湖泊（苏打锅）和盐渍（索洛涅茨）土壤中蓬勃发展，极端天气条件有利于独特细菌群落的发展。此外,提供温泉和温泉浴场并提供能源用水的温泉和热井是嗜热菌和超嗜热菌的合适定植场所。多极端微生物,适应多种极端情况，可以在无礼中找到，布达热岩溶的营养贫乏和放射性低的洞穴，在其他人中。本文回顾了该组织，分类组成，以及不同极端细菌群落在局部生物地球化学循环中的潜在作用，基于最近对匈牙利极端微生物的研究。
