Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Bipedalism was a significant milestone in the evolutionary development of Homo sapiens sapiens, influencing neocortical evolution and subsequent behavioral changes. Coordinated visual and sensory inputs are crucial for posture, environmental interaction, and surgical planning, with horizontal gaze being a pivotal parameter. This narrative review aims to explore various geometric measures used to assess horizontal gaze in patients, highlighting their applications in surgical planning.
METHODS: A literature review was conducted in indexed databases using Mesh terms like \"Cervical Vertebrae\" and \"Visual Fields\" along with keywords such as \"horizontal gaze\" and \"sagittal spine parameters.\" Among 477 initially identified articles, 41 were selected for inclusion after rigorous filtering.
RESULTS: The most recognized method for assessing horizontal gaze is the Chin Brow Vertical Angle (CBVA), initially described in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Clinical photography is employed as a tool for CBVA calculation, while other measures like McGregor slope and Slope of the Line of Sight have been considered as alternatives to CBVA. Each method presents its unique advantages and limitations.
CONCLUSIONS: This review highlights the need for further research into horizontal gaze measurement methods. Developing novel approaches to determine horizontal gaze can significantly enhance surgical planning and, consequently, improve patient outcomes. The ongoing exploration of these geometric measures offers promising prospects for advancing the field and optimizing patient care.
METHODS: A literature review was conducted in indexed databases using Mesh terms like \"Cervical Vertebrae\" and \"Visual Fields\" along with keywords such as \"horizontal gaze\" and \"sagittal spine parameters.\" Among 477 initially identified articles, 41 were selected for inclusion after rigorous filtering.
RESULTS: The most recognized method for assessing horizontal gaze is the Chin Brow Vertical Angle (CBVA), initially described in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Clinical photography is employed as a tool for CBVA calculation, while other measures like McGregor slope and Slope of the Line of Sight have been considered as alternatives to CBVA. Each method presents its unique advantages and limitations.
CONCLUSIONS: This review highlights the need for further research into horizontal gaze measurement methods. Developing novel approaches to determine horizontal gaze can significantly enhance surgical planning and, consequently, improve patient outcomes. The ongoing exploration of these geometric measures offers promising prospects for advancing the field and optimizing patient care.
摘要：
目的：两足动物是智人进化发展的一个重要里程碑，影响新皮层进化和随后的行为变化。协调的视觉和感官输入对于姿势至关重要，环境相互作用，和手术计划，水平凝视是一个关键参数。这篇叙述性综述旨在探索用于评估患者水平凝视的各种几何测量，强调它们在手术计划中的应用。
方法：在索引数据库中使用网格术语“颈椎”和“视野”进行了文献综述，“以及诸如“水平凝视”和“矢状脊柱参数”之类的关键字。“在477篇最初确定的文章中，经过严格的过滤后，选择41例纳入。
结果：评估水平凝视的最公认的方法是ChinBrow垂直角（CBVA），最初描述为强直性脊柱炎患者。临床摄影被用作CBVA计算的工具，而其他措施，如McGregor斜率和视线斜率（SLS）已被视为CBVA的替代方案。每种方法都有其独特的优点和局限性。
结论：这篇综述强调了对水平凝视测量方法进行进一步研究的必要性。开发新的方法来确定水平凝视可以显着提高手术计划，因此,改善患者预后。对这些几何测量的持续探索为推进该领域和优化患者护理提供了有希望的前景。
方法：在索引数据库中使用网格术语“颈椎”和“视野”进行了文献综述，“以及诸如“水平凝视”和“矢状脊柱参数”之类的关键字。“在477篇最初确定的文章中，经过严格的过滤后，选择41例纳入。
结果：评估水平凝视的最公认的方法是ChinBrow垂直角（CBVA），最初描述为强直性脊柱炎患者。临床摄影被用作CBVA计算的工具，而其他措施，如McGregor斜率和视线斜率（SLS）已被视为CBVA的替代方案。每种方法都有其独特的优点和局限性。
结论：这篇综述强调了对水平凝视测量方法进行进一步研究的必要性。开发新的方法来确定水平凝视可以显着提高手术计划，因此,改善患者预后。对这些几何测量的持续探索为推进该领域和优化患者护理提供了有希望的前景。
