Abstract：
The genus Tamarix in the Tamaricaceae family consists of more than 100 species of halophyte plants worldwide that are mainly used to improve saline-alkali land and for coastal windbreaks, sand fixation, and afforestation in arid areas. A considerable number of species in this genus are also used as traditional medicines to treat various human diseases, especially in Asian and African countries. This review presents a comprehensive summary of 655 naturally occurring compounds derived from the genus Tamarix, categorized into flavonoids (18.0%), phenols (13.9%), tannins (9.3%), terpenoids (10.5%), essential oils (31.0%), and others (17.3%). The investigation revealed that the crude extracts and phytochemicals of this genus exhibited significant therapeutic potential, including anti-inflammatory, anti-Alzheimer, anticancer, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. Six species of Tamarix have anticancer effects by causing cancer cell death, inducing autophagy, and stopping cell division. Seven species from the same genus have the potential for treating diabetes by inhibiting α-glycosidase activity, suppressing human islet amyloid polypeptide, regulating blood glucose levels, and modulating autophagy or inflammation. The focus on antibacterial and antidiabetic effects is due to the presence of volatile oil and flavonoid components. Extensive research has been conducted on the biological activity of 30 constituents, including 15 flavonoids, 5 phenols, 3 terpenoids, 1 tannin, and 6 others. Therefore, future research should thoroughly study the mechanisms of action of these and similar compounds. This is the most comprehensive review of the phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Tamarix species, with a critical assessment of the current state of knowledge.
摘要：
玉柳科属由全世界100多种盐生植物组成,主要用于改良盐碱地和沿海防风林,固沙,干旱地区植树造林。该属中相当数量的物种还被用作治疗各种人类疾病的传统药物，特别是在亚洲和非洲国家。这篇综述提供了来自Tamarix属的655天然存在的化合物的全面总结，类黄酮（18.0%），酚类（13.9%），单宁(9.3%),萜类化合物(10.5%)，精油(31.0%)，和其他（17.3%）。调查显示，该属的粗提物和植物化学物质表现出显著的治疗潜力，包括消炎药,抗阿尔茨海默氏症，抗癌，抗糖尿病药,抗菌，和抗真菌活性。六种Tamarix通过导致癌细胞死亡而具有抗癌作用，诱导自噬，停止细胞分裂.来自同一属的七个物种具有通过抑制α-糖苷酶活性来治疗糖尿病的潜力，抑制人胰岛淀粉样多肽，调节血糖水平，调节自噬或炎症。对抗菌和抗糖尿病作用的关注是由于挥发油和类黄酮成分的存在。对30种成分的生物活性进行了广泛的研究，包括15种类黄酮,5酚，3萜类化合物，1单宁，和其他6个。因此,未来的研究应该深入研究这些化合物和类似化合物的作用机制。这是对Tamarix物种的植物化学和药理特性的最全面的评论，对当前的知识状况进行批判性评估。
