PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are related to various adverse health outcomes, and food is a common source of PFAS exposure. Dietary sources of PFAS have not been adequately explored among U.S. pregnant individuals. We examined associations of dietary factors during pregnancy with PFAS concentrations in maternal plasma and human milk in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study. PFAS concentrations, including perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorononanoate (PFNA), and perfluorodecanoate (PFDA), were measured in maternal plasma collected at ∼28 gestational weeks and human milk collected at ∼6 postpartum weeks. Sociodemographic, lifestyle and reproductive factors were collected from prenatal questionnaires and diet from food frequency questionnaires at ∼28 gestational weeks. We used adaptive elastic net (AENET) to identify important dietary variables for PFAS concentrations. We used multivariable linear regression to assess associations of dietary variables selected by AENET models with PFAS concentrations. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and reproductive factors, as well as gestational week of blood sample collection (plasma PFAS), postpartum week of milk sample collection (milk PFAS), and enrollment year. A higher intake of fish/seafood, eggs, coffee, or white rice during pregnancy was associated with higher plasma or milk PFAS concentrations. For example, every 1 standard deviation (SD) servings/day increase in egg intake during pregnancy was associated with 4.4 % (95 % CI: 0.6, 8.4), 3.3 % (0.1, 6.7), and 10.3 % (5.6, 15.2) higher plasma PFOS, PFOA, and PFDA concentrations respectively. Similarly, every 1 SD servings/day increase in white rice intake during pregnancy was associated with 7.5 % (95 % CI: -0.2, 15.8) and 12.4 % (4.8, 20.5) greater milk PFOS and PFOA concentrations, respectively. Our study suggests that certain dietary factors during pregnancy may contribute to higher PFAS concentrations in maternal plasma and human milk, which could inform interventions to reduce PFAS exposure for both birthing people and offspring.
摘要：
全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）与各种不良健康结果有关，食物是PFAS暴露的常见来源。在美国孕妇中，PFAS的饮食来源尚未得到充分探索。在新罕布什尔州出生队列研究中，我们研究了怀孕期间饮食因素与母体血浆和人乳中PFAS浓度的关系。PFAS浓度,包括全氟己烷磺酸盐（PFHxS），全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)，全氟辛酸（PFOA），全氟壬酸酯（PFNA），全氟癸酸酯（PFDA），在〜28孕周收集的母体血浆和〜6产后周收集的人乳中进行测量。社会人口统计学，在〜28孕周，从产前问卷调查和饮食中收集生活方式和生殖因素。我们使用自适应弹性网（AENET）来确定PFAS浓度的重要饮食变量。我们使用多变量线性回归来评估AENET模型选择的饮食变量与PFAS浓度的关联。模型根据社会人口统计学进行了调整，生活方式,和生殖因素，以及血液样本采集的孕周（血浆PFAS），产后一周的牛奶样本收集（牛奶PFAS），和入学年。鱼/海鲜的摄入量较高，鸡蛋,咖啡,怀孕期间或白米与较高的血浆或牛奶PFAS浓度有关。例如,怀孕期间每增加1个标准差（SD）份数/天的卵子摄入量与4.4％（95％CI：0.6，8.4）相关，3.3%（0.1，6.7），血浆全氟辛烷磺酸高10.3%(5.6、15.2)，PFOA,和PFDA浓度分别。同样，怀孕期间每增加1份SD/天的白米摄入量与牛奶PFOS和PFOA浓度增加7.5％（95％CI：-0.2，15.8）和12.4％（4.8，20.5）相关，分别。我们的研究表明，怀孕期间的某些饮食因素可能会导致孕妇血浆和母乳中PFAS浓度升高。这可以告知干预措施，以减少出生者和后代的PFAS暴露。
