Abstract：
In the Olympic climbing discipline of bouldering, climbers can preview boulders before actually climbing them. Whilst such pre-climbing route previewing is considered as central to subsequent climbing performance, research on cognitive-behavioural processes during the preparatory phase in the modality of bouldering is lacking. The present study aimed at extending existing findings on neural efficiency processes associated with advanced skill level during motor activity preparation by examining cognitive-behavioural processes during the previewing of boulders.
Intermediate (n = 20), advanced (n = 20), and elite (n = 20) climbers were asked to preview first, and then attempt two boulders of different difficulty levels (boulder 1: advanced difficulty; boulder 2: elite difficulty). During previewing, climbers\' gaze behaviour was gathered using a portable eye-tracker.
Linear regression revealed for both boulders a significant relation between participants\' skill levels and both preview duration and number of scans during previewing. Elite climbers more commonly used a superficial scan path than advanced and intermediate climbers. In the more difficult boulder, both elite and advanced climbers showed longer preview durations, performed more scans, and applied less often a superficial scan path than in the easier boulder.
Findings revealed that cognitive-behavioural processes during route previewing are associated with climbing expertise and boulder difficulty. Superior domain-specific cognitive proficiency seems to account for the expertise-processing-paradigm in boulder previewing, contributing to faster and more conscious acquisition of perceptual cues, more efficient visual search strategies, and better identification of representative patterns among experts.
Intermediate (n = 20), advanced (n = 20), and elite (n = 20) climbers were asked to preview first, and then attempt two boulders of different difficulty levels (boulder 1: advanced difficulty; boulder 2: elite difficulty). During previewing, climbers\' gaze behaviour was gathered using a portable eye-tracker.
Linear regression revealed for both boulders a significant relation between participants\' skill levels and both preview duration and number of scans during previewing. Elite climbers more commonly used a superficial scan path than advanced and intermediate climbers. In the more difficult boulder, both elite and advanced climbers showed longer preview durations, performed more scans, and applied less often a superficial scan path than in the easier boulder.
Findings revealed that cognitive-behavioural processes during route previewing are associated with climbing expertise and boulder difficulty. Superior domain-specific cognitive proficiency seems to account for the expertise-processing-paradigm in boulder previewing, contributing to faster and more conscious acquisition of perceptual cues, more efficient visual search strategies, and better identification of representative patterns among experts.
摘要：
背景：在奥林匹克攀岩学科中，登山者可以在实际攀登巨石之前预览巨石。虽然这种攀爬前路线预览被认为是后续攀爬性能的核心，缺乏对抱石形态准备阶段的认知行为过程的研究。本研究旨在通过检查巨石预览过程中的认知行为过程来扩展与运动活动准备过程中高级技能水平相关的神经效率过程的现有发现。
方法：中间体（n=20），先进（n=20），精英(n=20)登山者被要求先预览，然后尝试两个不同难度级别的巨石（巨石1：高级难度；巨石2：精英难度）。在预览期间，攀登者的凝视行为是使用便携式眼睛跟踪器收集的。
结果：线性回归显示，两个巨石的参与者的技能水平与预览持续时间和预览扫描次数之间存在显着关系。精英登山者比高级和中级登山者更常用于表面扫描路径。在更困难的巨石中，精英和高级登山者都显示出更长的预览持续时间，执行了更多扫描，与在更容易的巨石中相比，使用表面扫描路径的频率较低。
结论：研究结果表明，路线预览过程中的认知行为过程与攀爬专业知识和巨石困难有关。卓越的特定领域认知能力似乎可以解释巨石预览中的专业知识处理范式，有助于更快、更有意识地获得感知线索，更有效的视觉搜索策略，以及更好地识别专家之间的代表性模式。
方法：中间体（n=20），先进（n=20），精英(n=20)登山者被要求先预览，然后尝试两个不同难度级别的巨石（巨石1：高级难度；巨石2：精英难度）。在预览期间，攀登者的凝视行为是使用便携式眼睛跟踪器收集的。
结果：线性回归显示，两个巨石的参与者的技能水平与预览持续时间和预览扫描次数之间存在显着关系。精英登山者比高级和中级登山者更常用于表面扫描路径。在更困难的巨石中，精英和高级登山者都显示出更长的预览持续时间，执行了更多扫描，与在更容易的巨石中相比，使用表面扫描路径的频率较低。
结论：研究结果表明，路线预览过程中的认知行为过程与攀爬专业知识和巨石困难有关。卓越的特定领域认知能力似乎可以解释巨石预览中的专业知识处理范式，有助于更快、更有意识地获得感知线索，更有效的视觉搜索策略，以及更好地识别专家之间的代表性模式。
