PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Forensic verification of cyanide (CN) poisoning by direct CN analysis in postmortem blood is challenging due to instability of CN in biological samples. CN metabolites, thiocyanate (SCN-) and 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA), have been proposed as more stable biomarkers, yet it is unclear if either is appropriate for this purpose. In this study, we evaluated the behavior of CN biomarkers in postmortem swine and postmortem blood to determine which serves as the best biomarker of CN exposure.
METHODS: CN, SCN-, and ATCA were measured in postmortem swine (N = 8) stored at 4 °C and postmortem blood stored at 25 °C (room temperature, RT) and 37 °C (typical human body temperature, HBT).
RESULTS: Following CN poisoning, the concentration of each CN biomarker increased well above the baseline. In postmortem swine, CN concentrations declined rapidly (t1/2 = 34.3 h) versus SCN- (t1/2 = 359 h, 15 days) and ATCA (t1/2 = 544 h, 23 days). CN instability in postmortem blood increased at RT (t1/2 = 10.7 h) and HBT (t1/2 = 6.6 h). SCN- and ATCA were more stable than CN at all storage conditions. In postmortem swine, the t1/2s of SCN- and ATCA were 15 and 23 days, respectively. While both the t1/2s of SCN- and ATCA were relatively lengthy, endogenous levels of SCN- were much more variable than ATCA.
CONCLUSIONS: While there are still questions to be answered, ATCA was the most adept forensic marker of CN poisoning (i.e., ATCA produced the longest half-life, the largest increase above baseline levels, and most stable background concentrations).
METHODS: CN, SCN-, and ATCA were measured in postmortem swine (N = 8) stored at 4 °C and postmortem blood stored at 25 °C (room temperature, RT) and 37 °C (typical human body temperature, HBT).
RESULTS: Following CN poisoning, the concentration of each CN biomarker increased well above the baseline. In postmortem swine, CN concentrations declined rapidly (t1/2 = 34.3 h) versus SCN- (t1/2 = 359 h, 15 days) and ATCA (t1/2 = 544 h, 23 days). CN instability in postmortem blood increased at RT (t1/2 = 10.7 h) and HBT (t1/2 = 6.6 h). SCN- and ATCA were more stable than CN at all storage conditions. In postmortem swine, the t1/2s of SCN- and ATCA were 15 and 23 days, respectively. While both the t1/2s of SCN- and ATCA were relatively lengthy, endogenous levels of SCN- were much more variable than ATCA.
CONCLUSIONS: While there are still questions to be answered, ATCA was the most adept forensic marker of CN poisoning (i.e., ATCA produced the longest half-life, the largest increase above baseline levels, and most stable background concentrations).
摘要：
目的：由于生物样品中CN的不稳定性，通过直接分析死后血液中氰化物（CN）中毒的法医验证具有挑战性。CN代谢物，硫氰酸盐（SCN-）和2-氨基噻唑啉-4-羧酸（ATCA），被提议作为更稳定的生物标志物，然而，目前尚不清楚这两者是否适合这一目的。在这项研究中,我们评估了CN生物标志物在死后猪和死后血液中的行为，以确定哪种生物标志物是CN暴露的最佳生物标志物。
方法：CN，SCN-,和ATCA在4°C储存的死后猪(N=8)和25°C储存的死后血液(室温，RT）和37°C（典型人体温度，HBT）。
结果：CN中毒后，每个CN生物标志物的浓度增加远高于基线。在死猪身上,CN浓度迅速下降（t1/2=34.3h）与SCN-（t1/2=359h，15天）和ATCA（t1/2=544小时，23天）。死后血液中的CN不稳定性在RT（t1/2=10.7h）和HBT（t1/2=6.6h）时增加。SCN-和ATCA在所有储存条件下均比CN更稳定。在死猪身上,SCN-和ATCA的t1/2s分别为15天和23天，分别。虽然SCN-和ATCA的t1/2s相对较长，内源性SCN-水平的变化比ATCA大得多.
结论：虽然仍有问题需要回答，ATCA是CN中毒的最熟练的法医标记(即，ATCA产生了最长的半衰期，高于基线水平的最大增幅，和最稳定的背景浓度)。
方法：CN，SCN-,和ATCA在4°C储存的死后猪(N=8)和25°C储存的死后血液(室温，RT）和37°C（典型人体温度，HBT）。
结果：CN中毒后，每个CN生物标志物的浓度增加远高于基线。在死猪身上,CN浓度迅速下降（t1/2=34.3h）与SCN-（t1/2=359h，15天）和ATCA（t1/2=544小时，23天）。死后血液中的CN不稳定性在RT（t1/2=10.7h）和HBT（t1/2=6.6h）时增加。SCN-和ATCA在所有储存条件下均比CN更稳定。在死猪身上,SCN-和ATCA的t1/2s分别为15天和23天，分别。虽然SCN-和ATCA的t1/2s相对较长，内源性SCN-水平的变化比ATCA大得多.
结论：虽然仍有问题需要回答，ATCA是CN中毒的最熟练的法医标记(即，ATCA产生了最长的半衰期，高于基线水平的最大增幅，和最稳定的背景浓度)。
