PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Neonatal calf diarrhea is a multifactorial condition that occurs in early life when calves are particularly susceptible to enteric infection and dysbiosis of the gut microbiome. Good calf health is dependent on successful passive transfer of immunity from the dam through colostrum. There are limited studies on the developing gut microbiota from birth to weaning in calves.
UNASSIGNED: Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the effect of immune status and diarrheal incidence on the development of the fecal microbiota in Jersey (n = 22) and Holstein (n = 29) heifer calves throughout the pre-weaning period. Calves were hand-fed a colostrum volume equivalent to 8.5% of their birthweight, from either the calf\'s dam (n = 28) or re-heated mixed colostrum (≤2 cows, ≤1d; n = 23) within 2 h of birth. All calves were clinically assessed using a modified Wisconsin-Madison calf health scoring system and rectal temperature at day (d) 0, d7, d21, or disease manifestation (DM) and weaning (d83). Weights were recorded at d0, d21, and d83. Calf blood samples were collected at d7 for the determination of calf serum IgG (sIgG). Fecal samples were obtained at d7, d21/DM [mean d22 (SE 0.70)], and at weaning for 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of the fecal microbiota. Data were processed in R using DADA2; taxonomy was assigned using the SILVA database and further analyzed using Phyloseq and MaAsLin 2.
UNASSIGNED: Significant amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) and calf performance data underwent a Spearman rank-order correlation test. There was no effect (p > 0.05) of colostrum source or calf breed on serum total protein. An effect of calf breed (p < 0.05) was observed on sIgG concentrations such that Holstein calves had 6.49 (SE 2.99) mg/ml higher sIgG than Jersey calves. Colostrum source and calf breed had no effect (p > 0.05) on health status or the alpha diversity of the fecal microbiota. There was a relationship between health status and time interaction (p < 0.001), whereby alpha diversity increased with time; however, diarrheic calves had reduced microbial diversity at DM. No difference (p > 0.05) in beta diversity of the microbiota was detected at d7 or d83. At the genus level, 33 ASVs were associated (adj.p < 0.05) with health status over the pre-weaning period.
UNASSIGNED: Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the effect of immune status and diarrheal incidence on the development of the fecal microbiota in Jersey (n = 22) and Holstein (n = 29) heifer calves throughout the pre-weaning period. Calves were hand-fed a colostrum volume equivalent to 8.5% of their birthweight, from either the calf\'s dam (n = 28) or re-heated mixed colostrum (≤2 cows, ≤1d; n = 23) within 2 h of birth. All calves were clinically assessed using a modified Wisconsin-Madison calf health scoring system and rectal temperature at day (d) 0, d7, d21, or disease manifestation (DM) and weaning (d83). Weights were recorded at d0, d21, and d83. Calf blood samples were collected at d7 for the determination of calf serum IgG (sIgG). Fecal samples were obtained at d7, d21/DM [mean d22 (SE 0.70)], and at weaning for 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of the fecal microbiota. Data were processed in R using DADA2; taxonomy was assigned using the SILVA database and further analyzed using Phyloseq and MaAsLin 2.
UNASSIGNED: Significant amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) and calf performance data underwent a Spearman rank-order correlation test. There was no effect (p > 0.05) of colostrum source or calf breed on serum total protein. An effect of calf breed (p < 0.05) was observed on sIgG concentrations such that Holstein calves had 6.49 (SE 2.99) mg/ml higher sIgG than Jersey calves. Colostrum source and calf breed had no effect (p > 0.05) on health status or the alpha diversity of the fecal microbiota. There was a relationship between health status and time interaction (p < 0.001), whereby alpha diversity increased with time; however, diarrheic calves had reduced microbial diversity at DM. No difference (p > 0.05) in beta diversity of the microbiota was detected at d7 or d83. At the genus level, 33 ASVs were associated (adj.p < 0.05) with health status over the pre-weaning period.
摘要：
新生儿小牛腹泻是一种多因素疾病，发生在生命早期，此时小牛特别容易受到肠道感染和肠道微生物群体失调的影响。良好的小腿健康取决于通过初乳成功地从大坝被动转移免疫力。关于小牛从出生到断奶的肠道微生物群的发展研究有限。
■因此，本研究的目的是研究免疫状态和腹泻发生率对泽西岛(n=22)和荷斯坦(n=29)小母牛在整个断奶前期间粪便微生物群发育的影响.用手工喂养小牛的初乳体积相当于其出生体重的8.5％，来自小牛坝(n=28)或重新加热的混合初乳(≤2头奶牛，≤1d；n=23）出生后2小时内。在第(d)0、d7、d21天或疾病表现(DM)和断奶(d83)时,使用改良的威斯康星-麦迪逊小腿健康评分系统和直肠温度对所有小牛进行临床评估。在d0、d21和d83记录重量。在d7时收集小牛血样用于测定小牛血清IgG(sIgG)。在d7，d21/DM[平均d22（SE0.70）]获得粪便样本，并在断奶时对粪便微生物群进行16SrRNA扩增子测序。使用DADA2在R中处理数据;使用SILVA数据库分配分类法,并使用Phyloseq和MaAsLin2进一步分析。
■重要的扩增子序列变体（ASV）和小牛性能数据进行了Spearman等级顺序相关测试。初乳来源或小牛品种对血清总蛋白无影响(p>0.05)。观察到小牛品种(p<0.05)对sIgG浓度的影响,使得荷斯坦小牛的sIgG比泽西小牛高6.49(SE2.99)mg/ml。初乳来源和小牛品种对健康状况和粪便微生物群的α多样性没有影响(p>0.05)。健康状况与时间相互作用之间存在关系(p<0.001)，阿尔法多样性随着时间的推移而增加；然而，腹泻小牛减少了DM的微生物多样性。在d7或d83检测到微生物群的β多样性没有差异(p>0.05)。在属一级，33个ASV相关（调整。p<0.05)与断奶前的健康状况。
■因此，本研究的目的是研究免疫状态和腹泻发生率对泽西岛(n=22)和荷斯坦(n=29)小母牛在整个断奶前期间粪便微生物群发育的影响.用手工喂养小牛的初乳体积相当于其出生体重的8.5％，来自小牛坝(n=28)或重新加热的混合初乳(≤2头奶牛，≤1d；n=23）出生后2小时内。在第(d)0、d7、d21天或疾病表现(DM)和断奶(d83)时,使用改良的威斯康星-麦迪逊小腿健康评分系统和直肠温度对所有小牛进行临床评估。在d0、d21和d83记录重量。在d7时收集小牛血样用于测定小牛血清IgG(sIgG)。在d7，d21/DM[平均d22（SE0.70）]获得粪便样本，并在断奶时对粪便微生物群进行16SrRNA扩增子测序。使用DADA2在R中处理数据;使用SILVA数据库分配分类法,并使用Phyloseq和MaAsLin2进一步分析。
■重要的扩增子序列变体（ASV）和小牛性能数据进行了Spearman等级顺序相关测试。初乳来源或小牛品种对血清总蛋白无影响(p>0.05)。观察到小牛品种(p<0.05)对sIgG浓度的影响,使得荷斯坦小牛的sIgG比泽西小牛高6.49(SE2.99)mg/ml。初乳来源和小牛品种对健康状况和粪便微生物群的α多样性没有影响(p>0.05)。健康状况与时间相互作用之间存在关系(p<0.001)，阿尔法多样性随着时间的推移而增加；然而，腹泻小牛减少了DM的微生物多样性。在d7或d83检测到微生物群的β多样性没有差异(p>0.05)。在属一级，33个ASV相关（调整。p<0.05)与断奶前的健康状况。
