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Abstract：
Metaplastic breast cancer is a rare, aggressive, and chemotherapy-resistant subtype of breast cancers, accounting for less than 1% of invasive breast cancers, characterized by adenocarcinoma with spindle cells, squamous epithelium, and/or mesenchymal tissue differentiation. The majority of metaplastic breast cancers exhibit the characteristics of triple-negative breast cancer and have unfavorable prognoses with a lower survival rate. This subtype often displays gene alterations in the PI3K/AKT pathway, Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and cell cycle dysregulation and demonstrates epithelial-mesenchymal transition, immune response changes, TP53 mutation, EGFR amplification, and so on. Currently, the optimal treatment of metaplastic breast cancer remains uncertain. This article provides a comprehensive review on the clinical features, molecular characteristics, invasion and metastasis patterns, and prognosis of metaplastic breast cancer, as well as recent advancements in treatment strategies.
摘要：
化生性乳腺癌是一种罕见的，侵略性,和化疗耐药的乳腺癌亚型，占不到1%的浸润性乳腺癌，以腺癌与梭形细胞为特征，鳞状上皮，和/或间充质组织分化。大多数化生乳腺癌表现出三阴性乳腺癌的特征，并且预后不良，生存率较低。这种亚型通常在PI3K/AKT途径中显示基因改变，Wnt/β-catenin通路，和细胞周期失调，并证明上皮-间质转化，免疫反应的变化，TP53突变,EGFR扩增,等等。目前,化生性乳腺癌的最佳治疗仍不确定.本文对其临床特征进行了全面的综述，分子特征，侵袭和转移模式，和化生性乳腺癌的预后，以及治疗策略的最新进展。
