Abstract：
Adipose tissue stores excess energy and produces a broad range of factors that regulate multiple physiological processes including systemic energy homeostasis. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) plays a particularly important role in glucose metabolism as its endocrine function underpins food uptake and energy expenditure. Caloric excess triggers VAT inflammation which can impair insulin sensitivity and cause metabolic deregulation. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) that reside in the VAT suppress inflammation and protect from metabolic disease. The cellular components of VAT and its secretory products play a vital role in fostering the differentiation and maintenance of VAT Tregs. Critically, the physiology and inflammatory tone of VAT exhibit sex-specific disparities, resulting in substantial VAT Treg heterogeneity. Indeed, cytokines and sex hormones promote the differentiation of distinct populations of mature VAT Tregs, each characterized by unique phenotypes, homeostatic requirements, and functions. This review focuses on key findings that have significantly advanced our understanding of VAT Treg biology and the current state of the field, while also discussing open questions that require further exploration.
摘要：
脂肪组织储存过量的能量并产生调节多种生理过程(包括全身能量稳态)的多种因素。内脏脂肪组织（VAT）在葡萄糖代谢中起着特别重要的作用，因为其内分泌功能是食物摄取和能量消耗的基础。热量过量会引发VAT炎症，从而损害胰岛素敏感性并引起代谢失调。驻留在VAT中的调节性T细胞(Tregs)抑制炎症并防止代谢疾病。VAT的细胞成分及其分泌产物在促进VATTregs的分化和维持中起着至关重要的作用。严重的,增值税的生理和炎症基调表现出性别差异，导致大量的增值税Treg异质性。的确,细胞因子和性激素促进成熟增值税Tregs不同群体的分化，每个特征都有独特的表型，稳态要求，和功能。这篇综述的重点是关键发现，这些发现显着提高了我们对增值税Treg生物学和该领域的现状的理解，同时还讨论了需要进一步探索的悬而未决的问题。
