Abstract：
The rearing of calves is an essential activity of a dairy system, as it impacts the future production of these animals. This study aims to evaluate the incidence of diarrhea, performance, and blood parameters of suckling calves that received mineral-vitamin supplementation in milk plus virginiamycin that was offered in milk (via the abomasum) or by esophageal tube (via the rumen). Twenty-seven calves were used, from the first week to 60 days of age, submitted to the following treatments: CONTROL, without supplementation; MILK, supplementation of 20 g of a mineral-vitamin complex with 100 mg of virginiamycin, diluted in milk; RUMEN, supplementation of 20 g of a mineral-vitamin complex diluted in milk and 100 mg of virginiamycin in gelatin capsules via an esophageal applicator. MILK and RUMEN calves had lower fecal consistency scoring, fewer days with scores 2 and 3 throughout the experimental period, and lower spending on medication compared to the CONTROL animals. Supplemented calves had higher fat and protein intake and reached feed intake of 600 g earlier than CONTROL animals, but did not differ in performance and hematological parameters. Supplementation with virginiamycin and vitamin-mineral complex for suckling calves reduced the incidence and days of diarrhea, and reduced medication costs, with no difference in performance, but the supplemented animals had higher initial protein and fat intake and reached targeted feed intake earlier to begin the weaning process.
摘要：
小牛的饲养是乳制品系统的一项重要活动，因为它会影响这些动物的未来生产。本研究旨在评估腹泻的发病率，性能，和乳牛的血液参数，这些乳牛在牛奶中补充矿物质维生素，再加上在牛奶中（通过皱胃）或通过食道管（通过瘤胃）提供的维吉尼亚霉素。使用了27只小牛，从第一周到60天，接受以下治疗：控制，不补充；牛奶，补充20克矿物质维生素复合物和100毫克维吉尼亚霉素，在牛奶中稀释；RUMEN，通过食道涂药器在明胶胶囊中补充20g稀释在牛奶中的矿物质-维生素复合物和100mg维吉尼亚霉素。牛奶和鲁门小牛的粪便稠度评分较低，在整个实验期间，分数为2和3的天数较少，与对照动物相比，药物支出较低。补充的小牛的脂肪和蛋白质摄入量较高，比对照动物早达到600克的采食量，但在性能和血液学参数方面没有差异。补充维吉尼亚霉素和维生素矿物质复合物用于乳牛减少了腹泻的发生率和天数，降低药物成本，在性能上没有差异，但是补充的动物具有较高的初始蛋白质和脂肪摄入量，并且较早地达到目标饲料摄入量以开始断奶过程。
