Abstract：
As food safety continues to gain prominence, phycocyanin (PC) is increasingly favored by consumers as a natural blue pigment, which is extracted from microalgae and serves the dual function of promoting health and providing coloration. Spirulina-derived PC demonstrates exceptional stability within temperature ranges below 45 °C and under pH conditions between 5.5 and 6.0. However, its application is limited in scenarios involving high-temperature processing due to its sensitivity to heat and light. This comprehensive review provides insights into the efficient production of PC from microalgae, covers the metabolic engineering of microalgae to increase PC yields and discusses various strategies for enhancing its stability in food applications. In addition to the most widely used Spirulina, some red algae and Thermosynechococcus can serve as good source of PC. The genetic and metabolic manipulation of microalgae strains has shown promise in increasing PC yield and improving its quality. Delivery systems including nanoparticles, hydrogels, emulsions, and microcapsules offer a promising solution to protect and extend the shelf life of PC in food products, ensuring its vibrant color and health-promoting properties are preserved. This review highlights the importance of metabolic engineering, multi-omics applications, and innovative delivery systems in unlocking the full potential of this natural blue pigment in the realm of food applications, provides a complete overview of the entire process from production to commercialization of PC, including the extraction and purification.
摘要：
随着食品安全问题的日益突出,藻蓝蛋白(PC)作为一种天然蓝色色素越来越受到消费者的青睐，它是从微藻中提取的，具有促进健康和提供着色的双重功能。螺旋藻衍生的PC在低于45°C的温度范围内和在5.5和6.0之间的pH条件下表现出优异的稳定性。然而,由于其对热和光的敏感性，其应用在涉及高温处理的场景中受到限制。这篇全面的综述提供了从微藻高效生产PC的见解，涵盖了微藻的代谢工程以增加PC产量，并讨论了增强其在食品应用中的稳定性的各种策略。除了最广泛使用的螺旋藻，一些红藻和热粘球菌可以作为PC的良好来源。微藻菌株的遗传和代谢操作已显示出在增加PC产量和改善其质量方面的希望。包括纳米颗粒在内的输送系统，水凝胶,乳液，和微胶囊提供了一个有前途的解决方案，以保护和延长食品中PC的保质期，确保其鲜艳的色彩和促进健康的特性得以保留。这篇综述强调了代谢工程的重要性，多组学应用，和创新的输送系统，释放这种天然蓝色颜料在食品应用领域的全部潜力，提供了从PC生产到商业化的整个过程的完整概述，包括提取和纯化。
