Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Recently, calcium silicate-based sealers (CSSs) have gained popularity in endodontic practice due to their biocompatibility and antimicrobial properties. They are considered viable alternatives to epoxy resin-based sealers. With the increased use of CSSs and warm vertical compaction techniques in root canal treatment, evaluating the impact of heat on CSSs properties is essential, therefore this review aimed to present a qualitative synthesis of available in vitro studies assessing the impact of heat on the physical-chemical properties of CSSs.
METHODS: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis 2020 guidelines, a systematic advanced electronic search was performed in Scopus, Embase, Medline (via PubMed), Web of Science, and Cochrane databases in November 2023 and updated in April 2024. In vitro studies that evaluated the physical-chemical properties of CSSs were eligible. PRILE 2021 guidelines were used for the assessment of the risk of bias-included studies.
RESULTS: The search identified a total of 6421 preliminary results and 10 studies were included for qualitative assessment. Eleven different physiochemical properties were assessed by the included studies. Setting time and flow were the most evaluated property among the studies. A qualitative synthesis of the evidence on each property is presented.
CONCLUSIONS: Based on the in vitro studies assessed in the present systematic review, results reveal that exposing CSSs to heat can accelerate their setting time, reduce their flow, and increase their film thickness. Concerns persist regarding solubility, viscosity, radiopacity, dimensional change, microhardness, porosity, and compressive strength, requiring further research. Certain CSSs, such as MTA Fillapex and Endosequence BC sealer HiFlow, show minimal changes under heat, making them potential candidates for warm filling techniques.
METHODS: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis 2020 guidelines, a systematic advanced electronic search was performed in Scopus, Embase, Medline (via PubMed), Web of Science, and Cochrane databases in November 2023 and updated in April 2024. In vitro studies that evaluated the physical-chemical properties of CSSs were eligible. PRILE 2021 guidelines were used for the assessment of the risk of bias-included studies.
RESULTS: The search identified a total of 6421 preliminary results and 10 studies were included for qualitative assessment. Eleven different physiochemical properties were assessed by the included studies. Setting time and flow were the most evaluated property among the studies. A qualitative synthesis of the evidence on each property is presented.
CONCLUSIONS: Based on the in vitro studies assessed in the present systematic review, results reveal that exposing CSSs to heat can accelerate their setting time, reduce their flow, and increase their film thickness. Concerns persist regarding solubility, viscosity, radiopacity, dimensional change, microhardness, porosity, and compressive strength, requiring further research. Certain CSSs, such as MTA Fillapex and Endosequence BC sealer HiFlow, show minimal changes under heat, making them potential candidates for warm filling techniques.
摘要：
背景：最近，硅酸钙基密封剂（CSSs）由于其生物相容性和抗菌性能而在牙髓实践中得到了普及。它们被认为是环氧树脂基密封剂的可行替代品。随着CSS和热垂直压实技术在根管治疗中的使用增加，评估热量对CSSs性能的影响至关重要，因此，这篇综述旨在对现有的体外研究进行定性综合，以评估热量对CSSs理化性质的影响。
方法：遵循PRISMA2020指南，在Scoups中进行了系统的高级电子搜索，Embase,Medline（通过PubMed），WebofScience,和Cochrane数据库于2023年11月更新，并于2024年4月更新。评估CSS的物理化学性质的体外研究是合格的。PRILE2021指南用于评估纳入研究的偏倚风险。
结果：搜索确定了总共6421项初步结果，纳入了10项研究用于定性评估。通过所包括的研究评估了11种不同的理化性质。凝固时间和流量是研究中评估最多的属性。给出了每个属性证据的定性综合。
结论：基于本系统综述中评估的体外研究，结果表明，将CSSs暴露于热量可以加速其凝固时间，减少他们的流量，增加薄膜厚度。对溶解度的担忧仍然存在，粘度,射线不透性,尺寸变化，显微硬度,孔隙度,和抗压强度；需要进一步研究。某些CSS，像MTAFillapex和EndrossequenceBC密封剂HiFlow，在加热下显示最小的变化，使他们成为温暖填充技术的潜在候选人。
方法：遵循PRISMA2020指南，在Scoups中进行了系统的高级电子搜索，Embase,Medline（通过PubMed），WebofScience,和Cochrane数据库于2023年11月更新，并于2024年4月更新。评估CSS的物理化学性质的体外研究是合格的。PRILE2021指南用于评估纳入研究的偏倚风险。
结果：搜索确定了总共6421项初步结果，纳入了10项研究用于定性评估。通过所包括的研究评估了11种不同的理化性质。凝固时间和流量是研究中评估最多的属性。给出了每个属性证据的定性综合。
结论：基于本系统综述中评估的体外研究，结果表明，将CSSs暴露于热量可以加速其凝固时间，减少他们的流量，增加薄膜厚度。对溶解度的担忧仍然存在，粘度,射线不透性,尺寸变化，显微硬度,孔隙度,和抗压强度；需要进一步研究。某些CSS，像MTAFillapex和EndrossequenceBC密封剂HiFlow，在加热下显示最小的变化，使他们成为温暖填充技术的潜在候选人。
