Abstract：
Fish involved in telemetry studies are usually handled, anaesthetized, and subjected to internal tag implantation, all of which have the potential to disrupt the fish\'s physiology, migratory patterns, food-seeking behavior, growth, and survival. As fish tagging is a widespread standard method in aquaculture, it is crucial to gain a better understanding of the short- and long-term effects on various aspects of fish welfare. The experimental outcomes of each phase of the surgical process and how it affects the fish\'s ability to recover during the post-tagging period, particularly in small salmonids, are poorly understood. Thus, it is essential to measure the extent of these adverse effects to precisely extrapolate differences in surgical intervention for tagged fish compared to their unmanipulated counterparts. In our study, we explored the post-tagging impacts on wild-captured brown trout (Salmo trutta) (1+) juveniles. We examined the time effect on fish recovery after each phase of the surgical procedure, which included anaesthetized fish, followed by surgery with/without internal tagging, within the first 2 and 25 h post-surgery. Common blood parameters (glucose levels and haematocrit) and endpoints related to swimming behavior, including fish movement, direction, and social distancing aspects, were studied. The findings of the study indicated no significant changes in glucose and haematocrit levels over the observational period. Fish subjected to anesthesia and tagging procedures exhibited a significant decrease in swimming activity, recovering to baseline levels 1 h after anesthesia and 24 h after surgical (tagging) procedures in recirculating aquaculture systems. Tagged fish showed less social proximity than non-tagged fish in the first 2 h post-surgery. A significant effect size was observed between nonsurgical (anesthesia) and surgical (non-tagged/tagged) groups, highlighting a more pronounced impact associated with surgical tag interventions. Our data indicate that the magnitude of behavioral response was significantly influenced by tag weight (~1.4% body/tag weight ratio in water) among manipulated fish groups. Consequently, our study reveals that wild-captured S. trutta juveniles, tagged with commercially available low-weight acoustic tags (V6, 69 kHz), experienced negative effects on swimming performance. In surgical studies, acknowledging potential influences is crucial for accurately inferring fish physiological and behavioral status. Emphasizing fish recovery potential in both short- and long-term periods is essential for quantifying tagging effects. Future research should prioritize exploring alternative tagging technologies and refining methodologies, with a particular focus on assessing telemetry\'s impact on socioeconomically relevant small salmonids.
摘要：
参与遥测研究的鱼通常被处理，麻醉,并进行内部标签植入，所有这些都有可能破坏鱼类的生理机能，迁徙模式，寻求食物的行为，增长,和生存。由于鱼标记是水产养殖中广泛使用的标准方法，更好地了解对鱼类福利各个方面的短期和长期影响至关重要。手术过程的每个阶段的实验结果以及它如何影响鱼在标记后期间恢复的能力，特别是在小鲑鱼中，知之甚少。因此，必须测量这些不良反应的程度，以精确推断标记鱼与未操作鱼相比在手术干预方面的差异。在我们的研究中,我们探讨了标记后对野生捕获的棕鳟鱼（Salmotrutta）（1）幼鱼的影响。我们检查了外科手术每个阶段后对鱼类恢复的时间影响，其中包括麻醉的鱼，然后是有/没有内部标记的手术，在手术后的前2和25小时内。与游泳行为相关的常见血液参数（葡萄糖水平和血细胞比容）和终点，包括鱼类运动，方向,和社会距离方面，被研究过。研究结果表明，在观察期间，葡萄糖和血细胞比容水平没有显着变化。接受麻醉和标记程序的鱼的游泳活动显着减少，麻醉后1小时和手术（标记）后24小时恢复到基线水平循环水产养殖系统。在手术后的前2小时，标记的鱼比未标记的鱼显示出更少的社交距离。在非手术（麻醉）和手术（非标记/标记）组之间观察到显着的效应大小，突出了与手术标记干预相关的更明显的影响。我们的数据表明，在操纵的鱼群中，行为反应的幅度受到标签重量（水中约1.4％的身体/标签重量比）的显着影响。因此,我们的研究表明，野生捕获的S.trutta青少年，标记有商用低重量声学标签(V6，69kHz)，经历了对游泳成绩的负面影响。在外科研究中，承认潜在的影响因素对于准确推断鱼类的生理和行为状态至关重要。强调短期和长期的鱼类恢复潜力对于量化标记效果至关重要。未来的研究应该优先探索替代标签技术和精炼方法，特别关注评估遥测对社会经济相关的小型鲑鱼的影响。
