Abstract：
Peanut yield and quality face significant threats due to climate change and soil degradation. The potential of biochar technology to address this challenge remains unanswered, though biochar is acknowledged for its capacity to enhance the soil microbial community and plant nitrogen (N) supply. A field study was conducted in 2021 on oil peanuts grown in a sand-loamy Primisol that received organic amendments at 20 Mg ha-1. The treatments consisted of biochar amendments derived from poultry manure (PB), rice husk (RB), and maize residue (MB), as well as manure compost (OM) amendment, compared to no organic amendment (CK). In 2022, during the second year after amendment, samples of bulk topsoil, rooted soil, and plants were collected at the peanut harvest. The analysis included the assessment of soil quality, peanut growth traits, microbial community, nifH gene abundance, and biological N fixation (BNF) rate. Compared to the CK, the OM treatment led to an 8 % increase in peanut kernel yield, but had no effect on kernel quality in terms of oil production. Conversely, both PB and MB treatments increased kernel yield by 10 %, whereas RB treatment showed no change in yield. Moreover, all biochar amendments significantly improved oilseed quality by 10-25 %, notably increasing the proportion of oleic acid by up to 70 %. Similarly, while OM amendment slightly decreased root development, all biochar treatments significantly enhanced root development by over 80 %. Furthermore, nodule number, fresh weight per plant, and the nifH gene abundance in rooted soil remained unchanged under OM and PB treatments but was significantly enhanced under RB and MB treatments compared to CK. Notably, all biochar amendments, excluding OM, increased the BNF rate and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase activity. These changes were attributed to alterations in soil aggregation, moisture retention, and phosphorus availability, which were influenced by the diverse physical and chemical properties of biochars. Overall, maize residue biochar contributed synergistically to enhancing soil fertility, peanut yield, and quality while also promoting increased root development, a shift in the diazotrophic community and BNF.
摘要：
由于气候变化和土壤退化，花生的产量和质量面临重大威胁。生物炭技术应对这一挑战的潜力仍未得到回应，尽管生物炭因其增强土壤微生物群落和植物氮（N）供应的能力而得到认可。2021年，对在沙质的Primisol中生长的油花生进行了实地研究，该花生以20Mgha-1的速度获得了有机改良剂。处理包括来自家禽粪便（PB）的生物炭改良剂，稻壳（RB），和玉米残留物(MB)，以及肥料堆肥(OM)修正案，与无有机修正案(CK)相比。2022年，在修正后的第二年，散装表土样品，扎根土壤,在花生收获时收集植物。分析包括对土壤质量的评估，花生生长性状,微生物群落,nifH基因丰度，和生物N固定(BNF)率。与CK相比,OM处理导致花生仁产量增加8%，但在石油产量方面对籽粒质量没有影响。相反，PB和MB处理都将籽粒产量提高了10%，而RB处理显示产量没有变化。此外，所有生物炭改良剂显著提高了油料种子质量10-25%，显著提高油酸的比例高达70%。同样，虽然OM修正案略微降低了根系发育，所有生物炭处理显着提高了超过80％的根发育。此外，结节数,每株植物的鲜重，在OM和PB处理下，根植土壤中的nifH基因丰度保持不变，但在RB和MB处理下与CK相比显着增强。值得注意的是,所有生物炭修正案，不包括OM,增加BNF速率和N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性。这些变化归因于土壤聚集的变化，保湿,和磷的可用性，这受到生物炭不同物理和化学性质的影响。总的来说,玉米渣生物炭对提高土壤肥力具有协同作用，花生产量，和质量，同时也促进了根系发育的增加，重氮营养群落和BNF的转变。
