Abstract：
Drought is a natural disaster that profoundly impacts on global agricultural production, significantly reduces crop yields, and thereby poses a severe threat to worldwide food security. Addressing the challenge of effectively improving crop drought resistance (DR) to mitigate yield loss under drought conditions is a global issue. An optimal root system architecture (RSA) plays a pivotal role in enhancing crops\' capacity to efficiently uptake water and nutrients, which consequently strengthens their resilience against environmental stresses. In this review, we discuss the compositions and roles of crop RSA and summarize the most recent developments in augmenting drought tolerance in crops by manipulating RSA-related genes. Based on the current research, we propose the potential optimal RSA configuration that could be helpful in enhancing crop DR. Lastly, we discussed the existing challenges and future directions for breeding crops with enhanced DR capabilities through genetic improvements targeting RSA.
摘要：
干旱是对全球农业生产产生深远影响的自然灾害,大幅降低作物产量，从而对全球粮食安全构成严重威胁。解决在干旱条件下有效提高作物抗旱性（DR）以减轻产量损失的挑战是一个全球性问题。最佳根系结构（RSA）在提高作物有效吸收水分和养分的能力方面发挥着关键作用。从而增强了他们抵御环境压力的能力。在这次审查中,我们讨论了作物RSA的组成和作用，并总结了通过操纵RSA相关基因来增强作物耐旱性的最新进展。根据目前的研究,我们提出了可能有助于增强作物DR的潜在最佳RSA配置。最后,我们讨论了通过针对RSA的遗传改进来育种具有增强DR能力的作物的现有挑战和未来方向。
