PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Ricin is a highly toxic protein, capable of inhibiting protein synthesis within cells, and is produced from the beans of the Ricinus communis (castor bean) plant. Numerous recent incidents involving ricin have occurred, many in the form of mailed letters resulting in both building and mail sorting facility contamination. The goal of this study was to assess the decontamination efficacy of several commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) cleaners and decontaminants (solutions of sodium hypochlorite [bleach], quaternary ammonium, sodium percarbonate, peracetic acid, and hydrogen peroxide) against a crude preparation of ricin toxin. The ricin was inoculated onto four common building materials (pine wood, drywall joint tape, countertop laminate, and industrial carpet), and the decontaminants were applied to the test coupons using a handheld sprayer. Decontamination efficacy was quantified using an in-vitro cytotoxicity assay to measure the quantity of bioactive ricin toxin extracted from test coupons as compared to the corresponding positive controls (not sprayed with decontaminant). Results showed that decontamination efficacy varied by decontaminant and substrate material, and that efficacy generally improved as the number of spray applications or contact time increased. The solutions of 0.45% peracetic acid and the 20,000-parts per million (ppm) sodium hypochlorite provided the overall best decontamination efficacy. The 0.45% peracetic acid solution achieved 97.8 to 99.8% reduction with a 30-min contact time.
摘要：
蓖麻毒素是一种剧毒蛋白,能够抑制细胞内蛋白质的合成，由蓖麻（蓖麻）植物的豆类生产。最近发生了许多涉及蓖麻毒素的事件，许多以邮寄信件的形式导致建筑和邮件分拣设施受到污染。这项研究的目的是评估几种市售（COTS）清洁剂和去污剂（次氯酸钠溶液[漂白剂]，季铵，过碳酸钠,过乙酸,和过氧化氢）对抗蓖麻毒素的粗制剂。蓖麻毒素被接种到四种常见的建筑材料上(松木，干墙接头胶带,台面层压板，和工业地毯)，并且使用手持式喷雾器将去污剂施加到测试试样上。使用体外细胞毒性测定来定量去污功效,以测量与相应的阳性对照(未喷洒去污剂)相比从测试试样提取的生物活性蓖麻毒素的量。结果表明，去污效果因去污剂和基质材料而异，并且该功效通常随着喷雾施用次数或接触时间的增加而改善。0.45%过乙酸和20,000-百万分之(ppm)次氯酸钠的溶液提供了总体最佳的去污功效。0.45%过乙酸溶液在30分钟的接触时间内实现了97.8%至99.8%的减少。
