Abstract：
Animal geneticists and breeders have the impending challenge of enhancing the resilience of Indian livestock to heat stress through better selection strategies. Climate change\'s impact on livestock is more intense in tropical countries like India where dairy cattle crossbreeds are more sensitive to heat stress. The main reason for this study was to find the missing relative changes in transcript levels in thermo-neutral and heat stress conditions in crossbred cattle through whole-transcriptome analysis of RNA-Seq data. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified based on the minimum log twofold change value and false discovery rate 0.05 revealed 468 up-regulated genes and 2273 down-regulated significant genes. Functional annotation and pathway analysis of these significant DEGs were compared based on Gene Ontology (Biological process), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG), and Reactome pathways using g: Profiler, ShinyGO v0.76, and iDEP.951 web tools. On finding network visualization, the most over-represented and correlated pathways were neuronal and sensory organ development, calcium signalling pathway, Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Smad signalling pathway, Ras-proximate-1, or Ras-related protein 1 (Rap 1) signalling pathway, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Similarly, down-regulated genes were most expressed in mRNA processing, immune system, B-cell receptor signalling pathway, Nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) signalling pathway and nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) pathway. The heat stress-responsive genes identified in this study will facilitate our understanding of the molecular basis for climate resilience and heat tolerance in Indian dairy crossbreeds.
摘要：
动物遗传学家和育种者面临着迫在眉睫的挑战，即通过更好的选择策略来增强印度牲畜对热应激的抵抗力。在印度等热带国家，气候变化对牲畜的影响更为强烈，在这些国家，杂交奶牛对热应激更为敏感。这项研究的主要原因是通过对RNA-Seq数据的全转录组分析，发现杂交牛在热中性和热应激条件下转录水平的缺失相对变化。基于最小对数两倍变化值和错误发现率0.05鉴定的差异表达基因（DEGs）揭示了468个上调基因和2273个下调显著基因。基于基因本体论(生物过程)比较了这些显著DEGs的功能注释和通路分析，京都基因和基因组百科全书（KEGG），和使用g:Profiler的Reactome途径，ShinyGOv0.76和iDEP.951Web工具。在寻找网络可视化时，最过度表达和相关的途径是神经元和感觉器官发育，钙信号通路，丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)和Smad信号通路,Ras-近似-1，或Ras相关蛋白1(Rap1)信号通路，凋亡，和氧化应激。同样，下调基因在mRNA加工中表达最多，免疫系统,B细胞受体信号通路,核苷酸寡聚化结构域(NOD)样受体(NLR)信号通路和无义介导的衰变(NMD)通路。这项研究中确定的热应激响应基因将有助于我们了解印度乳品杂交品种的气候适应性和耐热性的分子基础。
