Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The study aimed to investigate the influence of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) on clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) by assessing alterations in gene expression and the secretion of cytokines and chemokines.
METHODS: Three ccRCC cell lines (786-O, 769-P, and CAKI-1) and a healthy HEK293 cell line were subjected to ELF-EMF exposure (frequency 50 Hz, magnetic field strength 4.5 mT) for 30 min daily for 5 days. The study examined the expression of ADAM28, NCAM1, and VEGFC genes, along with the secretion of 30 cytokines and chemokines.
RESULTS: Notably, primary tumor-derived cell lines, but not those from metastatic sites, exhibited ADAM28 gene expression, which increased following ELF-EMF exposure. A statistically significant reduction in VEGFC gene expression was observed in 769-P cells after ELF-EMF exposure. Additionally, NCAM1 gene expression was upregulated in HEK293, 769-P, and 786-O cells, representing normal embryonic kidney cells and primary tumor cells, but not in CAKI-1 cells, which model metastatic sites. After EMF exposure, there was a statistically significant decrease in transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) concentration in the cell culture supernatants of HEK293 and CAKI-1 cell lines, with no other significant changes in the secretion of tested cytokines.
CONCLUSIONS: Given the study\'s findings and available research, caution is warranted when drawing conclusions about the potential inhibitory effect of ELF-EMF on ccRCC progression. Standardization of experimental models is imperative when assessing the effects of EMF in a human context. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2024;75(2):133-141.
METHODS: Three ccRCC cell lines (786-O, 769-P, and CAKI-1) and a healthy HEK293 cell line were subjected to ELF-EMF exposure (frequency 50 Hz, magnetic field strength 4.5 mT) for 30 min daily for 5 days. The study examined the expression of ADAM28, NCAM1, and VEGFC genes, along with the secretion of 30 cytokines and chemokines.
RESULTS: Notably, primary tumor-derived cell lines, but not those from metastatic sites, exhibited ADAM28 gene expression, which increased following ELF-EMF exposure. A statistically significant reduction in VEGFC gene expression was observed in 769-P cells after ELF-EMF exposure. Additionally, NCAM1 gene expression was upregulated in HEK293, 769-P, and 786-O cells, representing normal embryonic kidney cells and primary tumor cells, but not in CAKI-1 cells, which model metastatic sites. After EMF exposure, there was a statistically significant decrease in transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) concentration in the cell culture supernatants of HEK293 and CAKI-1 cell lines, with no other significant changes in the secretion of tested cytokines.
CONCLUSIONS: Given the study\'s findings and available research, caution is warranted when drawing conclusions about the potential inhibitory effect of ELF-EMF on ccRCC progression. Standardization of experimental models is imperative when assessing the effects of EMF in a human context. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2024;75(2):133-141.
摘要：
背景：本研究旨在通过评估基因表达和细胞因子及趋化因子分泌的改变，探讨极低频电磁场（ELF-EMF）对肾透明细胞癌（ccRCC）的影响。
方法：三种ccRCC细胞系（786-O，769-P,和CAKI-1）和健康的HEK293细胞系进行ELF-EMF暴露（频率50Hz，磁场强度4.5mT)，每天30分钟，持续5天。该研究检测了ADAM28，NCAM1和VEGFC基因的表达，伴随着30种细胞因子和趋化因子的分泌。
结果：值得注意的是，原发性肿瘤来源的细胞系，但不是那些来自转移部位的，表现出ADAM28基因表达，在ELF-EMF暴露后增加。在ELF-EMF暴露后，在769-P细胞中观察到VEGFC基因表达的统计学显着降低。此外,NCAM1基因表达在HEK293,769-P,和786-O细胞，代表正常胚胎肾细胞和原代肿瘤细胞，但不是在CAKI-1细胞中，为转移部位建模。EMF暴露后,HEK293和CAKI-1细胞系的细胞培养上清液中转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）浓度有统计学上的显着降低，在测试的细胞因子的分泌中没有其他显著变化。
结论：根据研究结果和现有研究，在得出关于ELF-EMF对ccRCC进展的潜在抑制作用的结论时，需要谨慎。在评估人类环境中EMF的影响时，必须对实验模型进行标准化。
方法：三种ccRCC细胞系（786-O，769-P,和CAKI-1）和健康的HEK293细胞系进行ELF-EMF暴露（频率50Hz，磁场强度4.5mT)，每天30分钟，持续5天。该研究检测了ADAM28，NCAM1和VEGFC基因的表达，伴随着30种细胞因子和趋化因子的分泌。
结果：值得注意的是，原发性肿瘤来源的细胞系，但不是那些来自转移部位的，表现出ADAM28基因表达，在ELF-EMF暴露后增加。在ELF-EMF暴露后，在769-P细胞中观察到VEGFC基因表达的统计学显着降低。此外,NCAM1基因表达在HEK293,769-P,和786-O细胞，代表正常胚胎肾细胞和原代肿瘤细胞，但不是在CAKI-1细胞中，为转移部位建模。EMF暴露后,HEK293和CAKI-1细胞系的细胞培养上清液中转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）浓度有统计学上的显着降低，在测试的细胞因子的分泌中没有其他显著变化。
结论：根据研究结果和现有研究，在得出关于ELF-EMF对ccRCC进展的潜在抑制作用的结论时，需要谨慎。在评估人类环境中EMF的影响时，必须对实验模型进行标准化。
